Download CELL ORGANELLES – VOCABULARY REFERENCE SHEET

CELL ORGANELLES – VOCABULARY REFERENCE SHEET
VOCABULARY WORD
CELL TYPE &
LOCATION
ORGANELLE
CELL MEMBRANE
CELL WALL
CENTRIOLE
CHLOROPLAST
FUNCTION (JOB)
A specialized structure within the cell that carries out a specific job to help the cell
function.
A double layered skin that acts as a barrier to enclose the contents of the cell, give it
All Cells
support, and control the substances that enter and leave the cell.
(outer layer surrounding the
cell)
All Cells
A strong, rigid layer of nonliving material that covers the outside of some cell types
Bacteria & Plant Cells
and provides protection, structure, and maintains pressure for the organism.
(outside of the cell membrane
of some cells.)
Eukaryotic
(near the cell nucleus in the
cytoplasm)
A small set of tubes fused together that help in pulling the cell apart during mitosis
(cell division). They create the spindle fibers that actually pull the cell apart.
Plants, some protists & some A double layered compartment that captures light energy in green chlorophyll and
uses the light energy, water, and carbon dioxide to create glucose (sugar) for the cell.
bacteria.
(found within the cytoplasm)
CHROMATIN /
CHROMOSOMES
Eukaryotic
(within the nucleus)
An X-like structure made up of proteins and coiled up DNA that carry the genetic
information from the parent to the offspring.
CYTOPLASM
All Cells
(fills up inside of cell)
A gel-like substance that fills the entire inside of the cell, except for the nucleus. It
holds the organelles in place and allows for transport of substances.
All Cells
(Eukaryotes - nucleus)
(Prokaryotes - cytoplasm)
A double-stranded helix that is made up of nucleic acids that code for specific traits,
activities, and the production of proteins in the cell.
DNA
A stack of membrane bound vessels that take protein molecules and combine them to
make more complex protein molecules. It then packages them for use within the cell
or to be shipped out of the cell.
(near the ER in cytoplasm)
Eukaryotic
GOLGI APPARATUS /
GOLGI BODY
Eukaryotic
A network of tube-like passageways that create and transport proteins to different
places within the cell.
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
(outside of the nucleus)
LYSOSOME
Eukaryotic
(within the cytoplasm and
near vacuoles)
A round membrane-bound sac that hold enzymes that are used to break down waste
materials and cellular debris.
All Cells
(within the cytoplasm)
Rod-like membrane bound organelle that takes in sugar and releases its stored energy
in a process call cellular respiration.
MITOCHONDRIA
A non-membrane bound structure within the nucleus that is primarily responsible for
Eukaryotic
the production of ribosomes.
(found within the nucleus)
NUCLEOLUS
A membrane-enclosed structure in the cell that safely stores the cell’s DNA and
Eukaryotic
determines which genes are active and controlling the activities in the cell.
(in the cytoplasm)
NUCLEUS
A double membrane that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and
Eukaryotic
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE/
controls the substances that enter and leave the nucleus.
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE (surrounding the nucleus)
PROTEINS
All Cells
(make up the organelles and
cell)
Chains of amino acids that make up and carry out all processes in a cell and living
organisms. They may be enzymes, build the structure of a cell or cell part, or send
signals to repair the cell or fight off intruding organisms.
RIBOSOMES
All Cells
(floating in cytoplasm and
connected to the ER)
A two-piece structure that reads the code of messenger RNA (a form of DNA) and
assembles amino acids to create a specific protein.
Most Cells
(within the cytoplasm)
A membrane-bound organelle that acts as a storage chamber for needed materials,
waste products, and water (which helps plants maintain structure).
VACUOLE