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Name:___________Hour:_____ Ch 12 Test Show What You Know Attach Ch 12 (DNA) notes to this review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Go to my website, www.myteacherpages.com/webpages/tkeilman and then click on Biology to the left, and then Second Six Weeks. Click on this document in the schedule, and then click on this website: http://www2.edc.org/weblabs/WebLabDirectory1.html in this document .Click on “How Does DNA Work?” Complete the weblab. Log off and continue the rest below. What does DNA stand for? DNA is made of many nucleotides hooked together. List the three parts that make up a DNA nucleotide. _________________ ________________ _________________ List the four nitrogen bases found in DNA._________________________ Explain Chargaff’s rules. 6. What % of T would be in a double strand if it contained %15 C? Show work. 7. What Watson and Crick’s contribution to science? 8. Explain what a chromosome is, where they are found, what they contain. 9. Fill in the reading below about karyotyping and DNA using the word bank. Sex chromosomes Y HomologousFather X Division Haploid WORK BANK Autosomes Diploid 23 4 Mother 46 12 G Somatic X Human cells have ________chromosomes, or two sets of _________. One set came from the ___________ and one from the ___________. Body cells we also call ________________Because our body cells’ chromosomes are found in pairs, we call them ___________. When arranged on a karyotype, you can see that there are two types of chromosomes, ____________ and ________________. In order for a human being to be considered female, their cells must contain two ________ sex chromosomes. For a human to be considered male, their cells will contain both an ________ and a ________ sex chromosome. Draw arrows to two homologous chromosomes Where did each chromosome of the pair come from? _______________ and _______________ How many chromosomes did this person receive from each?_________________ What sex is this person? ___________ KARYOTYPE OF HUMAN SOMATIC CELL 10. What two types of cells do our bodies have? 11. How many chromosomes are there in your somatic cells? Gametes? 12. Explain, in detail, the process of DNA replication. 13. Name the two enzymes used during replication and state their functions: ____________________________14. Explain why YOUR cells depend on DNA replication. 15. Explain what a mutagen is. 16. What are the three types of mutations that can occur during replication? _______________ ________________ _______________ 17. Which type of mutation is this below?___________________ DNA template strand to be copied: ATTGCCGTA DNA copy after replication: ATTTCCGTA 18. What are the two steps of protein synthesis? 19. Explain what happens during the two steps of protein synthesis (in detail). 20. List the four nitrogen bases in mRNA. Which bases bond with which DNA bases? 21. Complete this chart comparing/contrasting RNA and DNA both DNA RNA 22. What is the importance of mRNA to the protein making process? 23. Use the codon chart on the next page to look up amino acids coded for by this mRNA strand: UUA AAA GCG __________ ____________ _____________ 24. What is the final product of protein synthesis?_______________ 25. If you took a picture of translation occurring, what things would make an appearance in that picture? 26. What are amino acids? How do we obtain them to make proteins? 27. If a gene sequence from a DNA strand is: AAATGGCGGATA What are the mRNA codons that would be copied from it? ______________ What amino acids would result during translation? ____________-____________-___________-___________