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Cell Structure
Typical Structures Found in Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
 Cell Wall
The cell of plants, algae, fungi and most bacteria are enclosed in a cell wall.
Cell Walls are tough, rigid outer coverings that protect cells and give them shape.
Made mostly of:
1. ____________________________ a carbohydrate.
2. Pectin- glue-like substance.
3. Lignin- compound that makes cell wall rigid.
 Cell Membrane-“A barrier with doorways”
The protective layer surrounding every cell is the ____________
____________.
In plant cells: located just inside the cell wall.
In animal cells: forms the outer covering of the cell.
Functionprovides
_______________________
control
the movement of materials into and out of the cell
Allows
nutrients to move into the cell, while waste products leave.
 Cytoplasm
Cells are filled with a gelatin-like substance called __________________________

Constantly flows inside the cell membrane.

Region between the nucleus and the cell membrane.
Throughout the cytoplasm is a framework called the cytoskeleton.

Helps maintain its shape and enable some cells to _____________________

The cytoskeleton is made up of thin, hollow tubes of protein and thin, solid
protein fibers
 Ribosomes: Protein Factories
Manufacturing Proteins
One substance that takes part in nearly every cell activity is ___________________

Part of cell membranes

Needed for chemical reactions that take place in the cytoplasm.
Cells make their own proteins on small structures called _______________________.

Receive directions from the hereditary material on how, when, and in what order
to make specific proteins.

Float freely-

Many attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes are considered organelles, but are not membrane-bound.
Membrane-Bound Organelles
Structures within the cell are called organelles, the largest is the __________________.
 Nucleus- Control Center of Cell
•Directs all cellular activities
•Contains long, threadlike, hereditary materials made of DNA.
•DNA is the chemical that contains the code for cell’s structure and activities.
•nucleolus also is found in the nucleus, and is where most ribosomes are made.
 Chloroplasts- Energy Producers
In plant cells, food is made in green organelles in the cytoplasm called chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

Captures the energy of sunlight which can be used to produce food for the
cell.
 Mitochondria-The __________________________of the Cell
•Rod shaped structures that supply most of the energy for the cell.
•Releases energy by breaking down food into carbon dioxide and water.
 Endoplasmic reticulum- Transportation System of the Cell
•A series of clear tubular _____________________________
•Carries proteins from one end of the cell to the other.
•Lead out from the nucleus.
•Some lead to the cell membrane, others to all other areas of the cell.
The ER may be “rough” or ______________________
1. Rough ER
•Ribosomes are attached to areas on the rough ER.
•Makes proteins that are moved out of the cell or used within the cell.
2. Smooth ER
•Processes cellular substances such as lipids that store energy.
 Golgi bodies “Packaging Center”
•Stacked, flattened membranes.
•After proteins are made in a cell, they are transferred to the Golgi bodies.
•The Golgi bodies ________________proteins and other cellular substances and
_________________________ them.
 Vacuoles Storage Tanks for Cells
•Membrane-bound spaces used for the temporary _______________________.
•Stores water, waste products, food, and other cellular materials.
 Lysosomes Clean up Crews for the Cell
Contain digestive chemicals that help ___________________ __________________
1. cell waste,
2. worn-out cell parts.
3. viruses and bacteria taken into a cell.