Download The Cell Overview

#: ____ Scientist’s Name: _________________
4. Investigate, compare, & contrast cell structures, functions, & methods of reproduction.
a. Compare and contrast cell structures, functions, and methods of reproduction to analyze the
similarities and differences among cell types. (DOK 2)
 Prokaryotic/eukaryotic
 Unicellular/multicellular
 Plant/animal/bacterial/protist/fungal
b. Describe and explain the relationships between structures and functions of major eukaryotic
organelles (cell wall, cell membrane, chromosomes, mitochondrion, nucleus, chloroplast,
vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, centrioles, cytoplasm/cytosol, Golgi apparatus,
vesicles, lysosomes, microtubules, microfilaments, cytoskeleton, nucleolus, nuclear
membrane). (DOK 2)
Section 6 – DaBook
1. What type of cells did Hooke view when he discovered cells?
2. What are the smallest units of life called?
3. List the components of cell theory.
4. Discuss each scientist that contributed to cell theory.
5. Which increases faster, the surface area or the volume of a cell?
6. What limits how large a cell can grow?
7. What do you call organisms that do not have a nucleus?
8. Give an example of a prokaryote.
9. Name several eukaryotic cells.
10. What type of cells have membrane-bound organelles?
11. Prokaryotes have a cell membrane and a ___ around the outside.
12. What are cell membranes?
13. Give 4 functions of the cell membrane.
14. The cell membrane is selectively permeable. What does this mean?
15. If a cell is very active and needs more energy, what type of organelle will it
need more of?
16. What organelle makes a cell's ATP?
17. Proteins are made by what organelle?
18. What organelle is the packaging & export center of the cell?
19. What double membrane surrounds the nucleus?
20. Name the 3 main parts to all eukaryotic cells.
21. What canals connect the nuclear membrane with the cell membrane for the
movement of materials?
22. In what organelle are chromosomes found?
23. Name 2 structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
24. Where does photosynthesis occur in a cell?
25. In what organelles is the green pigment chlorophyll found?
26. What is the purpose of large vacuoles in plant cells?
27. List the levels of organization in order from simplest to most complex starting
with the cell.
28. Approximately how many times bigger is:
a. a virus than a large molecule:
b. a bacterium than a virus:
c. a cell than a bacterium:
d. a frog egg than a cell:
e. the height of a person than a cell:
Just how small are cells?
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Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes cells are the simplest of all the cells. Bacteria are prokaryotes and they fall
into two major categories: The Kingdom Eubacteria and the Kingdom Archaebacteria. Eubacteria
are common types that occur all around us, usually in they are, on surfaces and in the soil. You
can only find Archaebacteria in extreme environments, like hot sulfur springs. Archaebacteria are
thought to be some of the oldest life forms on earth.
Most bacteria don't make their own food. That means they have to rely on other organisms
to provide them with food. These bacteria have to break down, or decompose, other living things
to obtain energy.
When most people hear the word bacteria, they think of something that is bad for you. In
fact, very few bacteria cause illness. Some bacteria actually help you! Bacteria are used to make
food, such as cheese and yogurt, and they can also help us break down harmful substances in the
environment. Scientists created a type of bacteria that could gobble up oil from oil spills. Some
bacteria live inside the guts of animals and help them to digest food.
Unfortunately, there are many types of bacteria that can make us ill. Salmonella bacteria
can cause food poisoning, and certain types of bacteria are responsible for other infections. You
might have had some experience with Streptococcus, the bacterium that causes strep throat.
Bacteria have a very simple cell design. Most of them have a thick outer covering called the cell
wall.
On the picture, color the cell wall purple (it’s the outermost layer). Just within the cell wall
is the cell membrane. Color the cell membrane pink. Along the surface of the bacteria cell, you
might encounter structures called pilus, whose job is to help the bacteria stick to surfaces. Color
all the pilus light green. Bacteria might also need to move around in their environment, so they
can have structures called flagella, which resemble tails. Find the two flagella pictured and color
them dark green. The watery interior of the cell is called cytoplasm, and it has the texture of
jello. Color the cytoplasm light blue. Sprinkled throughout the cell are small round structures
called ribosomes. Ribosomes make proteins for the cell. Color all of the ribosomes red. Every
prokaryote cell has DNA floating within the cytoplasm, which usually looks like a twisted strand of
spaghetti. DNA contains the instructions for the cell; basically it is the control center. Find the
DNA and color it yellow.
Questions:
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38.
What bacteria causes strep throat? _________________
What are the oldest life forms on earth? ______________________
Name two types of bacteria that can make you sick: ____________________________________
What part of the bacteria cell helps it stick to surfaces? _________________________________
Name two foods that bacteria help make: _______________________________________
What does “decompose” mean? ______________________________________
What is the control center of the bacteria cell? ________________________________
What part of the bacteria cell helps it move? _______________________________________
Where do Archaebacteria live? ____________________________________
To what kingdom do common bacteria belong? _____________________________________
Describe the features below found in some bacteria:
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
Flagellum (flagella) –
Pili (pilus) –
Capsule –
Chromatin Cell Wall -
Eukaryotic Cells
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44. Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells. These cells are found in ___, ____, and
___ (small unicellular "animalcules").
45. List the 4 main parts that a eukaryotic cell is composed.
46. (True or False) All eukaryotic cells are found only in multicellular organisms.
47. Identify each of the single-celled eukaryotes called protists (paramecium,
amoeba, and euglena).
48. List two eukaryotic cell organelles that scientists have discovered contain
portions of DNA.
Cell Membrane
49. List the main components of the cell membrane.
50. What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?
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Cell Part
1
Function
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Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Golgi …
Apparatus, Body, Complex
Lysosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER Rough ER -
Nucleolus
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Microtubules
Animal Cell – Identify each numbered component.
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1.
2.
3.
4. Vesicle
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Vacuole
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Plant Cell – Identify each numbered component.
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Comparing Plant And Animal Cells
Directions: Complete the chart below, and then answer the questions.
Cell Part or Organelle
Is It Found In A Plant Cell?
Is It Found In A Animal Cell?
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Chromatin
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus
Ribosome
Vacuole
Questions:
51. What cell parts do Animal cells have that Plant cells do not have?
52. What cell parts do Plant cells have that Animal cells do not have?
53. Why do Plant cells have cell walls and Animal cells do not?
54. Why do think Plant cells have bigger vacuoles than Animal cells?
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Comparing a Factory to Cells
Each component of the factory corresponds to a component of a cell.
Identify each cell component.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Answer the following.
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Cellular Organization
55. Define cell.
56. We have over ___ different kinds of cells in the human body.
57. Cells are “specialized” (created to carry out specific tasks or functions) through
a process called ___.
58. In animals, the cells that can differentiate into many types are called ___.
59. Higher-level plants have cells called ___ that can differentiate into many types.
60. A process that occurs in fertilized human egg cells in which genes are turned on
or off causes cells to …
61. (True or False) Once a cell differentiates, it cannot change its type.
62. A stem cell can differentiate into a ___, ___, or ___.
63. In multicellular organisms, cells make up … (List all of the levels).
64. (True or False) All animal cells look alike.
65. Sketch & label four examples of different types of human cells.
66. Define tissue.
67. Construct & complete a table for the four basic types of animal tissue like the
one below.
Tissue Function/ Description
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73.
Define organ.
Explain why your eye is considered an organ.
List five other organs in your body.
(True or False) Blood is an organ.
Define organ system.
Construct & complete a table for five examples of common human organ systems
like the one below.
Organ System
Organs Included
74. List five examples listed in DaBook of organisms.
75. Summarize Cellular Organization.
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Complete the following concept map.
List two examples for each level
of cellular organization.
Identify the cells below that can be found in the human body.
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