Download Genetics final exam honors 2010

Genetics Final Exam
Honors
Learning Target #1: Know vocabulary that builds the framework for understanding genetics.
Write the best vocabulary word next to the definition that describes it.
______________________________ 1. A segment of DNA; the set of information that controls as trait.
______________________________ 2. An organism’s physical appearance, or visible trait.
______________________________ 3. The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA.
______________________________ 4. The building blocks of a protein.
______________________________ 5. One form of a gene.
______________________________ 6. An organism’s genetic makeup or the letters used to represent the trait.
______________________________ 7. A chart or “family tree” that tracks the inheritance of a particular trait
within a family.
______________________________ 8. The final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides and cells
become separate from one another.
_______________________________ 9. A change in a gene or chromosome.
_______________________________ 10. Condensed DNA typically found in the shape of an X.
_______________________________ 11. When the offspring inherits two different alleles.
_______________________________ 12. When the offspring inherits two identical alleles.
_______________________________ 13. The likelihood that something will occur.
Learning Target #2: Examine the structure and function of DNA.
14. The unique structure of DNA is best described as a
a. A chain
b. A double helix
c. A single strand
d. A rod
15. Which of the following nitrogen base pairs can be found in DNA?
a. G-T
b. A-U
c. C-G
d. T-C
Genetics Final Exam
Honors
16. What is the last name of the female scientist who paved the way for the scientists who later
discovered DNA?
a. Franklin
b. Watson
c. Johnson
d. Crick
17. DNA is located within the ________________ of a cell.
18. What is the sugar component of a DNA molecule?
a. Phosphate
b. Glucose
c. Deoxyribose
d. Ribose
19. Replication is the process by which DNA copies itself. Below is an original strand of DNA
(after it has “unzipped”). Write the “code” for the new strand that would result from DNA
replication.
Original DNA
G T T C A C G T C G G C T A C G C T A T T
Replicated DNA
20. Which of the following statements best characterizes cancer?
a. An infection starts in one cell, and spreads to the rest of the body.
b. A tumor grows, and as a result, DNA is mutated.
c. A virus enters the blood stream and causes abnormal cell division.
d. A mutation in DNA causes cells to grow and divide uncontrollably.
21. List all three of the available treatments for cancer:
Genetics Final Exam
Honors
Learning Target #3: Analyze cell division (mitosis and meiosis).
22. Complete the table on mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Number of resulting cells
Number of chromosomes in
resulting cells
Cell is diploid or haploid?
Number of cell divisions
Kind of cell produced
23. Cells are constantly dividing, producing more cells. Why does an organism need more cells?
a. To allow the organism to grow.
b. To replace dead cells
c. Both A and B
24. The following process precedes (comes before) both mitosis and meiosis, and ensures that
the resulting cells are identical.
a. DNA duplication
b. Metaphase
c. Cytokinesis
d. DNA replication
Learning Target #4: Describe how hereditary info is passed from parents to offspring.
25. Traits are passed from parents to their offspring by way of
a. Cells
b. Blood
c. Genes
d. Genotypes
26. A female reproductive cell is also known as
a. An egg
b. A zygote
c. A seed
d. An embryo
Genetics Final Exam
Honors
Determine whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
_____ 26. an organism that is heterozygous for a trait has a genotype that consists
of 2 of the same alleles.
_____ 27. an organism’s phenotype is expressed with a 2 letter code.
_____ 28. an organism’s genotype codes for their phenotype
_____ 29. someone who is homozygous for a trait is also known as a purebred
_____ 30. a carrier is someone who is heterozygous for a trait.
31. Which statement best describes how two organisms may show the same trait, yet have
different genotypes for that phenotype?
a. One is homozygous dominant and the other is homozygous recessive.
b. Both are heterozygous for the dominant trait.
c. One is homozygous dominant and the other is heterozygous.
d. Both are homozygous for the dominant trait.
32. Which of the following best describes how we get our genetic material?
a. We receive all of our genetic material from either mom or dad.
b. We receive genetic material from both mom and dad. How much we receive from
each parent is determined randomly.
c. We receive ½ of our genetic material from mom, and ½ from dad.
d. Our genetic material is unique to us- and does not come from mom or dad
33. Which of the following statements is true:
a. A male receives an x chromosome from mom, and a y chromosome from dad.
b. A male receives an x chromosome from mom, and an x chromosome from dad.
c. A male receives a y chromosome from mom, and a y chromosome from dad.
d. A male receives a y chromosome from mom, and an x chromosome from dad.
34. For a female, the 23rd pair of chromosomes consists of
a. X and Y
b. Y and Y
c. X and X
Genetics Final Exam
Honors
35. Which parent determines the gender of a baby?
a. Mom
b. Dad
c. Both
d. Neither
36. Explain your answer for #34.
Since it is unethical to use humans as test subjects one of the best ways to study human patterns of
inheritance is to go back in time and look at relatives. A pedigree chart or "family tree" is the tool
most often used. By using boxes, circles and connecting lines, it is possible to diagram a family
history of a genetic disease.
Use the Pedigree provided to answer the following questions.
37. How many people have the trait being observed?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 5
38. Is the trait dominant or recessive? Explain how you know.
39. In what ways would pedigree representing a sex-linked trait differ from one representing a
trait that was not sex-linked?
Genetics Final Exam
Honors
Learning Target #5: Predict the outcome of crossing organisms using mathematical
probability.
39. Tony the tiger is heterozygous for stripes (S), which is dominant over plain. His wife Tricia
has plain fur. What is the probability that their children will also be plain?
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
e. 0%
40. Two pea plants, hybrid for a single trait, produce 60 pea plants. Approximately how many of
the pea plants are expected to exhibit the recessive trait?
a. 45
b. 30
c. 15
d. 60
41. Bill and Janet are having a baby. Their doctor says there is a 25% chance their child will not
have a widow’s peak (w)- which is recessive to having a widow’s peak (W). What are Bill
and Janet’s genotypes?
Bill: _____________ Janet: ________________
42. When you cross two heterozygous organisms what is the probability that the offspring will
show the dominant phenotype? Draw a Punnett square on your answer sheet.
43. In wildcats gray fur is dominant (G) and purple fur is recessive (g). Complete a Punnett on
the answer sheet to answer the question below. If a heterozygous male wildcat (Gg) and a
homozygous recessive female wildcat (gg) reproduce, what are the possible genotypes and
phenotypes of the offspring?
Learning Target #6: How a DNA sequence (gene) makes a protein
44. To get the message of what protein to make out of the nucleus, DNA must make messenger
RNA. Below is an original strand of DNA (after it has “unzipped”). Write the “code” for the
strand of mRNA that would result from DNA transcription.
Original DNA
G T T C A C G T C G G C T A C G C T A T T
Copy of mRNA
45. How does DNA differ from RNA? Describe 2 differences:
Genetics Final Exam
Honors
46. Protein is made at which cellular organelle?
a. mitochondria
b. Golgi apparatus
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. ribosome