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Transcript
Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _________________ Checklist for Explanatory Model of the Flow of Matter from Food Cells to Our Cells Scientists use explanatory models in order to be able to connect a series of ideas to explain how a natural phenomenon might work. Their explanation includes the available evidence and existing scientific knowledge up to that time. A model can then be tested and revised, if necessary, as new information is gained. In this model you will concentrate on telling a story of the flow of matter from our food cells to a typical human animal cell. A story flows from a beginning, a middle, and an end. This story will be mostly a picture book story supported by words when necessary to help explain your point. The objective of this exercise is to help you to learn the structure and composition of the many different types of cells found in living organisms and how they are all related through the types of building blocks that compose their cellular structures. In addition, this will help you to understand how your own cells (or any other organism that digests food for matter) use these important building blocks. This type of story is called an explanatory model, where you explain how you think a natural phenomenon works through an evidence-based explanation (or story). Your evidence, in this instance, is the information from your observations, measurements, and reliable resources from class, your labs and your text. OK, so let’s get started! Here is a checklist of the following terms and concepts that you should include in your story of how matter flows from our food cells to your own cells. From Your Food: Menu is provided (0.5 points) Menu item ingredients are categorized into plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, and/or protists (1 point) One drawing of a representative cell and its structures from a plant, animal, and bacterium (6 points) (Add in a correctly labeled fungal or protist cell for a bonus 2 points) o Each cell drawing and its structures are appropriately labeled o The following cellular structures include (if present): cell wall Golgi body cytoskeleton extracellular matrix Vacuoles cilia plasma membrane Lysosomes flagella nucleus plastids nucleoid region ribosomes (chloroplasts, capsule rough and smooth amyloplasts, pili endoplasmic chromoplasts) reticulum mitochondria o In each cell type, each of the following molecules is labeled where it can be found in at least one cellular structure. These include (if present): protein glycogen DNA cellulose phospholipids RNA chitin (optional) triglycerides starch cholesterol Bonus: One picture from your research that shows some cellular structures of a specific type of cell (1 point) See other side for “To Your Cells” checklist… To Your Cells: Arrows are used to show the direction of the flow of matter and the stages of food processing (1 point) o Ingestion o Digestion o Absorption and Circulation o Elimination A diagram (supported by explanation where appropriate) is used to illustrate digestion of food and includes ideas of how the following work to break down the biological macromolecules to smaller subunits (2 points): o water o temperature o pH o enzymes Diagram and explanation of digestion includes the following terms where appropriate (3 points): o hydrogen bonds o nucleotides o covalent bonds o glycerol o hydrolysis o fatty acids o amino acids o cellulose o monosaccharides A drawing of a generic human animal cell is included (4.5 points) o Its cellular structures are included and appropriately labeled (if present): extracellular rough and vacuoles matrix smooth mitochondria plasma endoplasmic cytoskeleton membrane reticulum cilia nucleus Golgi body flagella ribosomes lysosomes o Diagram and explanation of how small subunits are reassembled by dehydration reactions to form biological molecules inside of your cells. o Each of the following molecules is labeled where it can be found in at least one cellular structure: protein triglycerides RNA glycogen cholesterol phospholipids DNA Well thought-out and expressed ideas of WHY your cells might need these molecules from our food (2 points) Score: Comments: /20 points Bonus: /3 points