Download CELL WALL

Presenting:
THE CELL WALL
PRESENTED BY:
DeVaughn Patterson and Jason Palonis
Functions of the Cell Wall
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Found outside cell membrane
it lends the cell stability,
it determines its shape,
influences its development,
acts as a filtering mechanism,
protects the cell against
pathogens (viruses, bacteria,
fungi, etc.)
• counterbalances the osmotic
pressure.
So what has a Cell Wall ?
Cell Walls are found in Plants,
Fungi, Algae, some Archaea and
Bacteria.
* Protozoa and Animals do NOT
have cell walls.
So what has a Cell Wall ?
-andWhat are Cell Walls made of?
-Plants have Cell Walls
Eukaryotic
Plants actually have 2 Cell Walls
•In plants, the strongest component of the
complex cell wall is a carbohydrate called
cellulose, which is a polymer of glucose.
•Primary Cell Wall- generally a thin,
flexible and extensible layer formed while
the cell is growing.
•Secondary Cell Wall- a thick layer
formed inside the primary cell wall after
the cell is fully grown.
• Strengthens and waterpoofs the wall.
• *It is NOT found in all cell types.
•Middle Lamella- a layer rich in pectins,
glues 2 adjacent cell walls together.
-Fungi have Cell Walls
•Eukaryotic
•Fungi possess cell walls
made of the glucosamine
polymer chitin. (a derivative
of glucose).
•True fungi do not have
cellulose in their cell walls
-Algae have Cell Walls
• Eukaryotic
• Algae typically possess walls
made of glycoproteins and
polysaccharides.
-some Archaen have Cell Walls
•Prokaryotic
•Archaean cell walls have various
compositions.
•May be formed of glycoprotein or
polysaccharides.
•Unlike Bacteria, all Archaen cell
walls lack peptidoglycan.
-Bacteria have Cell Walls
The Stealth Pathogen
•Prokaryotic
•In bacteria, peptidoglycan
forms the cell wall.
•Peptidoglycan- is a
carbohydrate matrix
(polysaccharides + protein)
DEFICIENT
A Very Sneaky Bacteria
Cell Wall Deficient Forms
“The Stealth Pathogen”
• The term stealth pathogens refers to bacteria that have cell walls that are
deficient in shape, structure, rigidity, and/or layering.
• Almost unrecognizable, and omnipresent
• They are capable of considerable shape-changing
*Shape change enables these bacteria to easily move DNA between cells. This
allows groups of bacteria to fuse together, = disease-causing combinations.
Examples:
-MS
-Rheumatoid arthritis, along with other forms of arthritis
-Meningitis
-Urinary tract infections
-Heart valve infection
-Eye inflammations
-and a host of other maladies
TO RECAP:
& To Get Us Back On
Track-
*Cell Walls are found in Plants, Fungi,
Algae, some Archaea and Bacteria.
*Cell Walls are made of various
carbohydrates and proteins.
So what does NOT have a Cell Wall
Here’s a Hint:
Protozoa and….
So what does NOT have a Cell Wall
The
End
.
Animals and Protozoa do NOT
have Cell Walls.
THIS INCLUDES YOU TOO!!!!