Download 2107lecture 24 powerpoint

Note
Last time we talked about supplements and
Sports.
Today we will talk about information sources
as well as genetics.
Lecture 24- 1 April 2015
Obtaining Accurate Nutrition
Information
Outline of todays lecture on information sources
1) Usually reliable sources of information-sports
professional associations, university websites, .org,
consumer groups, government, other professional
Associations
2) Unreliable sources of information
3) Reliable versus unreliable sources of information
4) Credentials
5) Scientific method
6) Identifying misinformation
USUALLY RELIABLE
Sport Professional Associations
Coach Canada
http://www.coach.ca/sport-nutrition-resources-s12664
Dietititans of Canada-several web links to sport
professional associations including nutrition
http://www.dietitians.ca/Your-Health/Nutrition-AZ/Sports-Nutrition-%28Adult%29.aspx
National Agricultural Library
http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/lifecycle-nutrition/fitness-andsports-nutrition/nutrition-athletes
Australia Institute of Sports
http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais
Usually reliable
University publications (.edu) or in Canada
universities ending with .ca
Web sites ending in .gov or .org
Peer reviewed journal publications (International
Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise
Metabolism, International Journal of Sport
Nutrition, (Applied Physiology, Nutrition and
Metabolism), American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, Nutrition Research, British Journal of
Nutrition, Nutrition Reviews)
USUALLY RELIABLE
Government
Health Canada eg http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca
Nova Scotia Department of Health
www.gov.ns.ca/health/
Cape Breton Regional Health Unit
www.cbdha.nshealth.ca
Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical firms – cautionthey have something to sell but
Good science required by Health Canada and
FDA
USUALLY RELIABLE
Consumer groups
American Council on Science and Health
www.acsh.org
Federal Consumer Information Centre
http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/
International Food Information Council
http://www.ific.org/
USUALLY RELIABLE
Professional Associations
American Dietetic Association
http://www.eatright.org/
Dietitians of Canada
www.dietitians.ca
American Medical Association
http://www.ama-assn.org/
Canadian Medical Association
www.cma.ca
Usually unreliable sources
Firms and other organisations that are here one
day and gone the next
Firms that claim to have qualifications in the field
but can produce no evidence of qualifications
.com – may be alright but be cautious
Reliable versus unreliable
Credentials
Real results
Evidence of misinformation
Credentials
-Nutrition and/or dietetics training from
an accredited university ( who is doing the
accreditation?)
-least 3-4 years of training
Credentials
Watch out for:
“nutrimedicine”
fee for degree schools
liberal use of the word doctor
members of “professional societies”
dietitian or nutritionist- this term may be
unregulated in some jurisdictions
Real credentials yield real results usually
-usually- watch out for dry labing or fixing
results
-real results gained by the scientific method
-Scientific method
-hypothesis
-objective
-method-validity and numbers of
subjects
-results-data and statistics are
accurate
-discussion and interpretation
Scientific method continued
Conclusions
-not generalised to all people – use of word
may
References
Publication in reputable peer-reviewed
journals
Repetition- with in group and by multiple
groups
Concept of a food (eg vegetables) to molecules
to doses
Identifying misinformation
Personal testimonialsHearsay and gossip
Time-tested
Is it really true?- such findings would
be widely published
Nonsense Medical jargon
Hunger stimulation point
Identifying misinformation
Paranoia
People are just out to get me- mostly my
competitors
Quick and easy fixes
Who knows of the overnight cancer
treatment
“Just a little dab will do you”
Natural
Not necessarily safer or better
Identifying misinformation
Satisfaction guaranteed
How, over what time, what recourse do
you have?
One product does it all
Is there only one chemical reaction or
disease in the body?
Glossy adverts – in all media
Watch out for the slick willy approach
Have I got a deal for you
Identifying misinformation
People telling you not to listen to
physicians or other qualified persons
Summary of lecture on information sources
1) Usually reliable sources of information-sports
professional associations, university websites, .org,
consumer groups, government, other professional
Associations
2) Unreliable sources of information
3) Reliable versus unreliable sources of information
4) Credentials
5) Scientific method
6) Identifying misinformation
Remember
if it is too good to be true then it likely is not
true and
that the internet is hard to regulate- the net
is worldwide and not every country has
regulations (good or bad) at the point of
source
JUST TALKED ABOUT GETTING GOOD
INFORMATION ABOUT NUTRITION AND
SPORTS- GETTING GOOD NUTRITION
REALLY MEANS GETTING GOOD
NUTRITION BASED ON THE INDIVIDUAL
THIS LEADS TO UNDERSTANDING HOW
NUTRITION INTERACTS WITH GENES OR
WHY ONE HAS TO TAILOR NUTRITION
TO THE INDIVIDUAL FOR MAXIMAL
ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE
Genes, diet and sport performance
Do genes choose the sport for us or do we choose
the sport?
or in other words…
Is it full speed ahead and ignore the genes in
terms of diet, training and ultimately
performance?
“A Proper Diet Can’t Make An Average Athlete
Elite, But A Poor Diet Can Make An Elite Athlete
Average”
In short, if you have the right genes for a sport,
a lousy diet and/or training can defeat that gift.
Genes, diet and sport performance
Outline
1)
2)
3)
4)
DNA-what is it?
Genes-what are they are how do they work?
Transmission-are athletes born to a sport?
Genes dictate proteins which dictate function
-diet and WWFQ
-diet influences genes
-genes and diet influence WWFQ
-genes dictate muscle fibre type
-therefore diet and genes affect muscle
performance in training
-gene doping- absolutely not!!- do not go there
-diet, genes and training determines final
performance
1) DNA-what is it?
Molecule contained in nucleus of cell (mostly nonelectron transport) and in the
mitochondria (roughly a 1/3 of genes of mt DNA
are for electron transport chain) – all mt genes
required for proper mt function
DNA is really the brains of the operation
DNA directs all functions of cell through its
direction of the production of protein
1) DNA-what is it?
Production of protein slide
1) DNA-what is it?
base sequence of DNA dictates the structure of
proteins formed and hence the functionality
of those proteins and hence how those proteins
regulate metabolism and hence athletic
performance
2) Genes-what are they are how do they
work?
Discrete units of DNA that contain code for protein
amino acid sequence and hence structure and
hence function
Have promoter region to turn on/off genes and
enhancer region to fine tune how ramped up or
down the gene is to produce a given protein
Nutrients interact with the promoter and enhancer
regions to control how much protein is being
produced at any given time
2) Genes-what are they are and how do they
work?
Gene activity also depends on gene copy number
The greater the gene copy number the greater
the gene activity
The lesser the gene copy number the lesser the
gene activity
3) Transmission-are athletes born to a sport?
Does the athlete select the sport or does the
sport select the athlete
Allele transmission
Allele defined
Dominant allele
Recessive allele
Homozygous dominant and recessive
Heterozygous alleles
Gene dose- allele and copy number
3) Transmission-are athletes born to a sport?
Genetics is a major contributor
Fibre type 1, 2a, 2b
3) Transmission-are athletes born to a sport?
Genetics is a major contributor
Fibre type 1, 2a, 2b
3) Transmission-are athletes born to a sport?
Genetics is a major contributor
Fibre type 1, 2a, 2b
4)Genes dictate proteins which dictate
function
4) Genes dictate proteins which dictate
function
-diet and WWFQ
Via IDATME
IDATME IS CRITICAL TO WWFQ
Genes dictate success of IDATME
Some athletes are better at WWFQ than others and
on that basis are more successful athletes
4) Genes dictate proteins which dictate
function
-diet influences genes
Nutrients interact with both the promoter and
enhancer on at least some genes thus either
increasing or decreasing gene expression and
hence protein production and hence regulation of
metabolism
-and metabolism regulates athletic performance
4) Genes dictate proteins which dictate
function
-genes and diet influence WWFQ
-genes determine resting metabolic rate which
determines WWFQ for maintenance of tissues
-maintenance of tissues is critical for athletic
performance
4) Genes dictate proteins which dictate function
-therefore diet and genes affect muscle
performance in training
4) Genes dictate proteins which dictate function
-therefore diet and genes affect muscle
performance in training
-gene doping- inserting coding regions to produce
eg erythropoetin for example
-or inserting regions to increase or
decrease gene expression
Gene doping is illegal for sports!!
4) Genes dictate proteins which dictate function
-therefore diet and genes affect muscle
performance in training
- diet, genes and training determines final
performance
Genes, diet and sport performance
Summary
1)
2)
3)
4)
DNA-what is it?
Genes-what are they are how do they work?
Transmission-are athletes born to a sport?
Genes dictate proteins which dictate function
-diet and WWFQ
-diet influences genes
-genes and diet influence WWFQ
-genes dictate muscle fibre type
-therefore diet and genes affect muscle
performance in training
-gene doping- absolutely not!!- do not go there
-diet, genes and training determines final
performance
TO SUMMARISE THIS COURSE
ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE DEPENDS ON:
Your parents-genes
Diet
Training
“A Proper Diet Can’t Make An Average Athlete
Elite, But A Poor Diet Can Make An Elite Athlete
Average”- genes and training are useless without
proper diet, timing of diet and hence WWFQ