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25.2 RNA Structure and Function 1. RNA a. = ribonucleic acid (almost the same as DNA) b. Same general structure as DNA (sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base) c. RNA has complementary nitrogenous bases: i. Adenine (purine) – ____________ (pyrimidine) ii. Guanine (purine) -Cytosine (pyrimidine) d. Single-stranded 2. Comparison of DNA and RNA (fill in using notes and/or p.506) DNA ribose Sugar Bases RNA Adenine – Thymine Cytosine – Guanine A & G are purines C & T are pyrimidines Strands Helix Double-stranded no 3. Types of RNA (structure and function): a. All three types of RNA are involved in protein ____________ and gene ____________. b. Each of the three types has a____________ roll. c. DNA serves as the ____________ for all three types. d. Three types of RNA: i. ____________ RNA (or mRNA): 1. Produced in ____________ (or in nucleic acid for prokaryotes organisms w/o a nucleus, e.g. bacteria) 2. ____________ all DNA is actually expressed 3. DNA that is ____________ is sent out beyond the ____________ to be ____________ Expression occurs through ____________ synthesis 4. mRNA is a ____________ of genetic information based on ____________ 5. mRNA travels from nucleus to ____________ e to carry out protein ____________ ii. Transfer RNA (or tRNA): 1. Produced in ____________ 2. Transfers single ____________ acids to ____________ (location of protein synthesis in the cells) iii. Ribosomal RNA (or rRNA) 1. Produced in ____________ of nucleus 2. Joins with ____________ in ____________ to form ____________ of ribosome (site of protein ____________ in cells) 3. Subunits join together to form ____________ CYP p.506 #1-2 Simulation (link also accessible on homework page): http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.html 25.2 RNA Structure and Function 1. RNA a. = ribonucleic acid (almost the same as DNA) b. Same general structure as DNA (sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base) c. RNA has complementary nitrogenous bases: i. Adenine (purine) – Uracil (pyrimidine) ii. Guanine (purine) -Cytosine (pyrimidine) d. Single-stranded 2. Comparison of DNA and RNA (fill in using notes and/or p.506) DNA RNA Sugar deoxyribose ribose Bases Adenine – Thymine Adenine – Uracil Cytosine – Guanine Cytosine – Guanine A & G are purines C & T are pyrimidines A & G are purines C & U are pyrimidines Strands Double-stranded Single-stranded Helix Double-helix YES! no 3. Types of RNA (structure and function): a. All three types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis and gene expression. b. Each of the three types has a unique roll. c. DNA serves as the template for all three types. d. Three types of RNA: i. Messenger RNA (or mRNA): 1. Produced in nucleus (or in nucleic acid for prokaryotes organisms w/o a nucleus, e.g. bacteria) 2. Not all DNA is actually expressed 3. DNA that is transcribed is sent out beyond the nucleus to be expressed 4. Expression occurs through protein synthesis 5. mRNA is a section of genetic information based on DNA 6. mRNA travels from nucleus to ribosome to carry out protein synthesis ii. Transfer RNA (or tRNA): 1. Produced in nucleus 2. Transfers single amino acids to ribosomes (location of protein synthesis in the cells) iii. Ribosomal RNA (or rRNA) 1. Produced in nucleolus of nucleus 2. Joins with proteins in cytoplasm to form subunits of ribosome (site of protein synthesis in cells) 3. Subunits join together to form ribosome CYP p.506 #1-2 http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.html