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Biology Ch. 14 Review How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype? 1. 2. 3. 4. 2 23 44 46 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Which of the following are shown in a karyotype? 1. homologous chromosomes 2. sex chromosomes 3. autosomes 4. all of the above 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Which of the following can be observed in a karyotype? 1. a change in a DNA base 2. an extra chromosome 3. genes 4. alleles 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 In humans, a male has 1. one X chromosome only. 2. two X chromosomes. 3. one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. 4. two Y chromosomes. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Human females produce egg cells that have 1. one X chromosome. 2. two X chromosomes. 3. one X or one Y chromosome. 4. one X and one Y chromosome. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be female? 1. 2. 3. 4. 10% 25% 50% 75% 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 What percentage of human sperm cells carry an X chromosome? 1. 0% 2. 25% 3. 50% 4. 100% 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 A human female inherits 1. one copy of every gene located on each of the X chromosomes. 2. twice as many sex chromosomes as a human male inherits. 3. one copy of every gene located on the Y chromosome. 4. all of the same genes that a human male inherits. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 In a pedigree, a circle represents a(an) 1. male. 2. female. 3. child. 4. adult. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 A pedigree can be used to 1. determine whether a trait is inherited. 2. show how a trait is passed from one generation to the next. 3. determine whether an allele is dominant or recessive. 4. all of the above 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Which of the following would you be least likely to see in a pedigree? 1. All of the symbols are unshaded. 2. All of the symbols are shaded. 3. All of the symbols are squares. 4. About half of the symbols are circles. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Which of the following is caused by a dominant allele? 1. Huntington’s disease 2. PKU 3. Tay-Sachs disease 4. none of the above 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Which of the following is determined by multiple alleles? 1. 2. 3. 4. Rh blood group ABO blood group PKU Huntington’s disease 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 A person who has PKU 1. inherited the recessive allele for the trait from one parent. 2. inherited the recessive allele for the trait from both parents. 3. is heterozygous for the trait. 4. will not pass the allele for the trait to his or her offspring. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Which of the following genotypes result in the same phenotype? 1. 2. 3. 4. IAIA and IAIB IBIB and IBi IBIB and IAIB IBi and ii 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 If a man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B produce an offspring, what might be the offspring’s blood type? 1. 2. 3. 4. AB or O A, B, or O A, B, AB, or O AB only 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Which of the following statements is NOT true? 1. A person with Huntington’s disease might not pass the allele for the disease to his or her offspring. 2. A person with Huntington’s disease might be homozygous for the disease. 3. Huntington’s disease is caused by a recessive allele. 4. A person who inherits one allele for Huntington’s disease will develop the disease. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Sickle cell disease is caused by a 1. change in one DNA base. 2. change in the size of a chromosome. 3. change in two genes. 4. change in the number of chromosomes in a cell. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 In cystic fibrosis, a change in a single gene causes the protein called CFTR to 1. become less soluble. 2. fold improperly. 3. destroy the cell membrane. 4. transport sodium ions instead of chloride ions. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease 1. is longer. 2. is shorter. 3. has a different sequence of amino acids. 4. is wider. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Which of the following does NOT lead to cystic fibrosis? 1. missing codon in mRNA 2. shorter CFTR polypeptide chain 3. point mutation 4. absence of CFTR in cell membrane 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because 1. they are resistant to malaria. 2. they usually have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells. 3. their abnormal hemoglobin usually doesn’t cause their red blood cells to become sickle shaped. 4. they do not produce abnormal hemoglobin. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 The sequencing of human chromosomes 21 and 22 showed that 1. some regions of chromosomes do not code for proteins. 2. all of the DNA of chromosomes codes for proteins. 3. different chromosomes have the same number of genes. 4. different chromosomes contain the same number of DNA bases. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Alleles found on the same chromosomes 1. are dominant. 2. are never separated by recombination. 3. are linked. 4. contain repetitive DNA. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 The long stretches of repetitive DNA in chromosomes 21 and 22 are unstable sites 1. 2. 3. 4. that contain genes. where rearrangements occur. that cause genetic disorders. that do not allow crossingover to occur. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Most sex-linked genes are located on 1. 2. 3. 4. the autosomes. the X chromosome only. the Y chromosome only. both the X chromosome and the Y chromosome. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because 1. fathers pass the allele for colorblindness to their sons only. 2. the allele for colorblindness is located on the Y chromosome. 3. the allele for colorblindness is recessive and located on the X chromosome. 4. males who are colorblind have two copies of the allele for colorblindness. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Which of the following statements is true? 1. Females cannot have hemophilia. 2. The father of a colorblind boy may be colorblind. 3. A sex-linked allele cannot be dominant. 4. The mother of a colorblind boy must be colorblind. 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 Which of the following form(s) a Barr body? 1. the Y chromosome in a male cell 2. the X chromosome in a male cell 3. one of the X chromosomes in a female cell 4. both of the X chromosomes in a female cell 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 The formation of a Barr body 1. causes the genes on one of the X chromosomes in a female cell to be switched off. 2. always causes the same X chromosome in a female’s cells to be switched off. 3. switches on the Y chromosome in a male cell. 4. none of the above 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 A cat that has spots of only one color 1. 2. 3. 4. has no Barr bodies. must be a male. must be a female. may be a male or a female. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called 1. nondisjunction. 2. X-chromosome inactivation. 3. Turner’s syndrome. 4. Down syndrome. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born 1. with one X chromosome. 2. with three X chromosomes. 3. without an X chromosome. 4. with four X chromosomes. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes represents a female? 1. 2. 3. 4. XY XXY XXXY XX 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis, 1. only two gametes may form instead of four. 2. some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes. 3. the chromatids do not separate. 4. it occurs during prophase. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Nondisjunction can involve 1. autosomes. 2. sex chromosomes. 3. homologous chromosomes. 4. all of the above 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Scientists test for alleles that cause human genetic disorders by 1. making karyotypes. 2. making DNA fingerprints. 3. detecting the DNA sequences found in those alleles. 4. making pedigrees. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 The process of DNA fingerprinting is based on the fact that 1. the most important genes are different among most people. 2. no two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA. 3. most genes are dominant. 4. most people have DNA that contains repeats. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 What conclusion CANNOT be made from two DNA fingerprints that show identical patterns of bands? 1. The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints almost certainly came from the same person. 2. The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints definitely came from two different people. 3. The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints was separated by size. 4. The DNA repeats that formed the bands in each DNA fingerprint are the same length. 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 The Human Genome Project is an attempt to 1. make a DNA fingerprint of every person’s DNA. 2. sequence all human DNA. 3. cure human diseases. 4. identify alleles in human DNA that are recessive. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 The human genome was sequenced 1. by sequencing each gene on each chromosome, one at a time. 2. using DNA fingerprinting. 3. by looking for overlapping regions between sequenced DNA fragments. 4. using open reading frames. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Which of the following information CANNOT be obtained from the Human Genome Project? 1. causes of genetic disorders 2. amino acid sequences of human proteins 3. locations of genes on chromosomes 4. whether an allele is dominant or recessive 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 The purpose of gene therapy is to 1. cure genetic disorders. 2. determine the sequences of genes. 3. remove mutations from genes. 4. change dominant alleles to recessive alleles. 0% 1 0% 0% 2 3 0% 4 Which of the following is the first step in gene therapy? 1. splicing the normal gene to viral DNA 2. allowing recombinant viruses to infect human cells 3. using restriction enzymes to cut out the normal gene from DNA 4. identifying the faulty gene that causes the disease 0% 0% 1 2 0% 3 0% 4 Gene therapy is successful if the 1. viruses carrying the replacement gene infect the person’s cells. 2. replacement gene is replicated in the person’s cells. 3. replacement gene is transcribed in the person’s cells. 4. replacement gene is successfully spliced to viral DNA. 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 In a human karyotype, 44 of the chromosomes are autosomes. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 In a human karyotype, 23 chromosome pairs are similar in size and shape. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 In humans, the mother determines the sex of the offspring. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 In a pedigree, if a mother is represented by a shaded circle and a father is represented by a shaded square, their children can be represented by either shaded or unshaded circles or squares. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 A pedigree showing the inheritance of Huntington’s disease within a family would show shaded symbols for people with the disease. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 If a person has blood type A, he or she cannot receive a blood transfusion from a person with blood type O. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 Two parents who have Huntington’s disease may produce an offspring who does not have Huntington’s disease. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 Chromosome 22 contains long stretches of DNA that do not code for proteins. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 A dominant X-linked trait would be more common in males than in females. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 If a cat has both orange and black spots, it is homozygous for the alleles on the X chromosome that code for spot color. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 A person who has Down syndrome has two copies of chromosome 21. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 Males generally do not have Barr bodies. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 DNA fingerprinting analyzes sections of DNA that have little or no known function but are similar from person to person. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 To locate genes within the human DNA sequence, scientists look for open reading frames within the sequence. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2 Information from the Human Genome Project can be used to learn more about human diseases. 1. True 2. False 0% 1 0% 2