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DNA and RNA The Molecule of Life: DNA and RNA DNA vs. RNA Summary DNA By comparison they both have: RNA Sugar phosphate background Nitrogenous bases By contrast each has: Double strand, double helix Single strand and various shapes (3) Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar A=T and C=G A=U and C=G Stay in the nucleus Nucleus and cytoplasm Different 5 – C sugar: Deoxyribose (DNA) and Ribose (RNA) Thymine (DNA) and Uracil (RNA) Thymine versus Uracil Thymine in DNA is replaced by Uracil in RNA RNA vs DNA Ribonucleic Acid Types (p 288-295) There are several types. We will focus on the main 3 types: rRNA: large, makes up structure of ribosomes. - Large globular structure, forms structure with proteins to form ribosome tRNA: smaller, contains amino acid to match code of mRNA. Compact 3-D structure mRNA: single strand, provides complementary code from DNA for protein - Single strand may fold back on itself to form H-bonds rRNA rRNA: Ribosomal ribonucleic acid Located in ribosomes Provides the site on the ribosome where the protein is assembled rRNA Structure This big “globular” structure is the structure for the ribosome all spread out. A smaller “glob” provides the second part of the ribosome structure. Ribosome: rRNA tRNA tRNA: Transfer ribonucleic acid In humans, more than 40 different tRNA float freely in the cytoplasm, float to ribosome for protein synthesis Each tRNA is connected to a different amino acid Function: to place the correct amino acid in a protein sequence tRNA Structure Specific regions: 3’ end is AMINO ACID site Anticodon is complementary to mRNA codon (code) tRNA detail Typically 75 nucleotides long, twisted into a tertiary structure (3-D) Specific in function to translation of mRNA into protein amino acid sequencing tRNA detail Anticodon: three nucleotide sequence that correlates to a specific amino acid that is attached to its 3’end (amazing isn’t it!) Anticodon complements the mRNA three nucleotide sequence called the codon. mRNA mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid Long single strand of RNA that has the coded complement from the DNA. Can fold back to form H-bonds with itself Brings the code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, specifically to ribosomes. mRNA from DNA – Transcription DNA molecule is opened at a specific gene site mRNA is assembled complementary to one DNA strand When coding is complete, it detaches and floats to the ribosome DNA re-fits itself. Key enzyme: RNA Polymerase mRNA formed at TRANSCRIPTION Summary: 3 Main RNA Forms