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Transcript
DNA Transcription & Protein Translation Honors Biology Today’s Objectives Investigate and understand common mechanisms of protein synthesis. DNA Transcription DNA must be copied to messenger RNA (mRNA) mRNA goes from nucleus to the ribosomes in cytoplasm mRNA complements known as codons – Only 3 nucleotide “letters” long Remember RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)! Transcription – Step I A C G T A T C G C G T A T G C A T A G C G C A T Template DNA Strands Transcription – Step II A C G T A T C G C G T A U G C A U A G C G C A U Template DNA is Matched Up with Complementary mRNA Sequences Transcription – Step III A C G U A U C G C G U A U G C A U A G C G C A U mRNA leaves nucleus and goes to ribosomes A new complementary RNA strand is made (rRNA) Transcription Reminders The template strand is the DNA strand being copied The rRNA strand is the same as the DNA strand except Us have replaced Ts Protein Translation Modified genetic code is “translated” into proteins Codon code is specific, but redundant! – – 20 amino acids 64 triplet (codon) combinations How to find the Amino Acid… tRNA in cytoplasm has a codon attached to an amino acid tRNA structure 3-base code (triplet) is an “anticodon” Protein molecule Attached amino acid that is carried from cytoplasm to ribosomes Protein Synthesis Start: Ribosome binds to mRNA at start codon (AUG) Elongation: – – – tRNA complexes bind to mRNA codon by forming complementary base pairs with the tRNA anticodon The ribosome moves from codon to codon along the mRNA. Amino acids are added one by one Release: release factor binds to the stop codon
