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Transcript
Bacterial Cell Envelope The Pilus Bacterial Cell Envelope • The cell envelope is made up of: – Capsule – Cell wall – Cell membrane • The cell envelope provides the bacteria with: – Structure – Transportation of materials in/out The Capsule The Capsule Made of polysaccharides and protein Protects against dehydration, harmful chemicals, & phagocytosis Attaches bacteria to surfaces Cell Walls • 2 main types of bacterial cell walls: – Gram positive – Gram negative • Named after Christian Gram, a physician who discovered the technique used to differentiate bacteria Cell Walls Gram Positive Cell Wall Gram Positive Cell Wall Gram Staining • Bacteria that are “Gram positive” appear violet when stained Gram Negative Cell Wall Gram Negative Cell Wall Gram Staining • Bacteria that are “Gram negative” appear red Lipopolysaccharides • Only found in Gram negative bacteria cell walls • Provides structure and protection • Considered to be toxic to animals and results in: – Fever – Inflammation – Potentially fatal Positive & Negative Comparison Warm-Up • What are the differences between Gram positive and Gram negative cells? Cell Membrane Phospholipid Phospholipid Bilayer Phospholipid Bilayer Cell Membrane Cell Membrane Transport • Membrane is selectively permeable – Material that normally dissolves in lipids can pass through the membrane – Large particles and charged particles often cannot pass through the membrane – Certain substances (like amino acids) have to pass through special protein passageways