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DNA Structure History of Molecules of Transcription Miscellaneous DNA replication 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 F.J. RNA DNA History… BioAgain technology Mutations Potpourri 200 200 200 200 200 400 400 400 400 400 600 600 600 600 600 800 800 800 800 800 The Twisted structure of DNA. 100 Answer What is the double helix? 100 The nucleotide is made of these three parts. 200 Answer What are the nitrogen base, the sugar, and the phosphate? 200 The name for DNA coiled up during cell reproduction. 300 Answer What is a chromosome? 300 A section of DNA that codes for a specific trait. 400 Answer What is a gene? 400 This was originally believed to contain genetic information. 100 Answer What is protein? 100 They discovered that DNA was the genetic material. 200 Answer Who were Hershey and Chase? 200 100 pt bonus- how did they do this? Labeled DNA with Radioactive Phosphorus, then looked to see where the phosphorus was Watson and Crick did this. 300 Answer What is discover the double helix? 300 Franklin and Wilkins created pictures of DNA using this process. 400 Answer What is a X-ray defraction? 400 The molecule that splits DNA for replication. 100 Answer What is helicase? 100 100pt bonus: What molecule keeps the strands apart? Single-strand binding proteins This molecule joins short strands of DNA. 200 Answer What is ligase? 200 DNA polymerase does this. Answer What is add nucleotides to the new strand during replication? 300 This molecule makes short sections of RNA to start transcription. 400 Answer What is DNA Polymerase I? 400 The section of mRNA removed after transcription. 100 Answer What are introns? 100 The type of cell that has both chromosomes from the homologous pair. 200 Answer What is a diploid cell? 200 The three useless cells made in egg cell meiosis. 300 Answer What are polar bodies? 300 100 pt Bonus: What is it called? The process in meiosis that splits up the homologous pair. 400 Answer What is meiosis I? 400 The three nucleotides found on a molecule of tRNA. 100 Answer What is an anticodon? 100 Transcription takes place here. 200 Answer Where is the nucleus? 200 What “DNA” and “RNA” are named for. 300 Answer What are the sugars? 300 A point mutation that causes no problems. 400 Answer What is a silent mutation? 400 3 Differences between DNA and RNA 200 Answer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What are; different sugars, A-T, A-U Nucleus vs Nucleus + Cytoplasm DNA much larger Single strand vs double helix 200 The molecule that ribosomes bind to in translation. 400 Answer What is mRNA? 400 This molecule that transfers amino acids to the ribosomes 600 Answer What is tRNA? 600 This enzyme (catalyst) helps transcription occur in the nucleus. 800 Answer What is RNA polymerase? 800 This was determined to be the cause of transformation by Griffith in his experiments with mice 200 Answer What is DNA (moving from one strand to another)? 200 He determined that the amount of adenine = thymine and cytosine = guanine. 400 Answer Who is Erwin Chargaff? 400 Avery, McLeod, and McCarthy purified Various chemicals in bacteria and Supported this claim of Griffith’s. 600 Answer What is DNA as the transforming property (Genetic material). 600 Meselson and Stahl proposed this Theory stating that each strand of DNA created during replication in part new strand and part original. 800 Answer What is the semiconservative model of replication? 800 The ingredients needed for a PCR. 200 Answer What are heat, nucleotides, DNA, DNA polymerase, and primers? 200 Molecules that cut DNA in specific places, giving sticky ends. 400 Answer What are restriction enzymes? 400 An agent used to transfer DNA from a solution to a living cell (i.e. a plasmid). 600 Answer What is a vector? 600 The number of restriction enzymes used in genetic recombination and why. 800 Answer What are 1 because it cuts in the same spot and creates the same sticky ends 800 An addition or subtraction of a nucleotide that causes the remaining nucleotides to shift up or down. 200 Answer What is a frameshift mutation? 200 A point mutation that causes a change in the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. 400 Answer What is a missense mutation? 400 The three nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid when transcribed and translated. 600 Answer What are codons? 600 A frameshift mutation that would only change 1 amino acid in a polypeptide 800 Answer What are insertions or deletions of 3 nucleotides. 800 The base pair that is different between DNA and RNA. 200 Answer What is Thymine vs Uracil 200 The process that creates a DNA fingerprint. 400 Answer What is gel electrophoresis? 400 The cause of DNA movement in gel electrophoresis. 600 Answer What is the electrical charge (DNA moves towards the positive end?) 600 The sequence of amino acids that tells the RNA polymerase where to start transcribing. 800 Answer What is a promoter? 800 FINAL JEOPARDY Answer