Download DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis Notes (12.3)

DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis (12.3)
State Standards
2A. Distinguish between DNA and RNA.
2B. Explain the role of DNA in storing and
transmitting cellular information.
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein
Central Dogma
DNA to RNA…RNA to Protein
 RNA
 Contains the sugar ribose and the
base uracil
 Usually is single stranded
RNA vs. DNA
RNA
• Sugar: Ribose
• Bases: Adenine & Uracil
• Strands: Single
DNA
• Sugar: Deoxyribose
• Bases: Adenine & Thymine
• Strands: Double
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
 Long strands of RNA nucleotides that are
formed complementary to one strand of DNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
 Associates with proteins to form ribosomes
in the cytoplasm
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
 Smaller segments of RNA nucleotides that
transport amino acids to the ribosome
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein
Transcription
 Through transcription,
the DNA code is
transferred to mRNA
in the nucleus.
 DNA is unzipped in
the nucleus and RNA
polymerase binds to a specific section where an
mRNA will be synthesized.
Transcription Animation
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein
The Code
 Experiments during the 1960s demonstrated
that the DNA code was a three-base code.
 The three-base code in DNA or mRNA is
called a codon.
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein
Translation
 In translation, tRNA
molecules act as the
interpreters of the mRNA
codon sequence.
 At the middle of the folded
strand, there is a three-base
coding sequence called the
anticodon.
 Each anticodon is
complementary to a codon
on the mRNA.
Translation
Animation
Crash Course Video
Of
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis Animation Link
http://www.wisconline.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP
1302
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
Which is not true of RNA?
A. It contains the
sugar ribose.
B. It contains the
base uracil.
C. It is single-stranded.
D. It contains a phosphate.
0%
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
B
C
0%
D
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.3 Formative
Questions
Which shows the basic chain of events
in all organisms for reading and expressing
genes?
0%
0%
0%
D
A
B
C
D
C
A
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
B
A. DNA  RNA  protein
B. RNA  DNA  protein
C. mRNA  rRNA  tRNA
D. RNA processing 
transcription  translation
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.3 Formative
Questions
In the RNA molecule, uracil replaces
_______.
0%
0%
C
A
B
C
D
B
A
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
D
A. adenine
B. cytosine
C. purine
D. thymine
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.3 Formative
Questions
Which diagram shows messenger
RNA (mRNA)?
0%
0%
D.
0%
0%
D
A
B
C
D
C
1.
2.
3.
4.
B
C.
B.
A
A.
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
Standardized Test
Practice
What is this
process called?
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
A. mRNA processing
B. protein synthesis
C. transcription
D. translation