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DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis (12.3) State Standards 2A. Distinguish between DNA and RNA. 2B. Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information. Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Central Dogma DNA to RNA…RNA to Protein RNA Contains the sugar ribose and the base uracil Usually is single stranded RNA vs. DNA RNA • Sugar: Ribose • Bases: Adenine & Uracil • Strands: Single DNA • Sugar: Deoxyribose • Bases: Adenine & Thymine • Strands: Double Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Messenger RNA (mRNA) Long strands of RNA nucleotides that are formed complementary to one strand of DNA Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm Transfer RNA (tRNA) Smaller segments of RNA nucleotides that transport amino acids to the ribosome Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Transcription Through transcription, the DNA code is transferred to mRNA in the nucleus. DNA is unzipped in the nucleus and RNA polymerase binds to a specific section where an mRNA will be synthesized. Transcription Animation Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein The Code Experiments during the 1960s demonstrated that the DNA code was a three-base code. The three-base code in DNA or mRNA is called a codon. Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Translation In translation, tRNA molecules act as the interpreters of the mRNA codon sequence. At the middle of the folded strand, there is a three-base coding sequence called the anticodon. Each anticodon is complementary to a codon on the mRNA. Translation Animation Crash Course Video Of Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Animation Link http://www.wisconline.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP 1302 Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which is not true of RNA? A. It contains the sugar ribose. B. It contains the base uracil. C. It is single-stranded. D. It contains a phosphate. 0% A 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D 0% 0% B C 0% D Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics 12.3 Formative Questions Which shows the basic chain of events in all organisms for reading and expressing genes? 0% 0% 0% D A B C D C A 0% 1. 2. 3. 4. B A. DNA RNA protein B. RNA DNA protein C. mRNA rRNA tRNA D. RNA processing transcription translation Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics 12.3 Formative Questions In the RNA molecule, uracil replaces _______. 0% 0% C A B C D B A 0% 1. 2. 3. 4. 0% D A. adenine B. cytosine C. purine D. thymine Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics 12.3 Formative Questions Which diagram shows messenger RNA (mRNA)? 0% 0% D. 0% 0% D A B C D C 1. 2. 3. 4. B C. B. A A. Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics Standardized Test Practice What is this process called? 0% B A 0% A B C D 0% 0% D 1. 2. 3. 4. C A. mRNA processing B. protein synthesis C. transcription D. translation