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Transcript
Parts of a Cell
1
Plant & Animal Cell
Similarities
Both have a cell membrane
surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria
2
Differences
Animal cells
Plant cells
Relatively
smaller in size
Relatively
larger in size
Irregular shape
Regular shape
No cell wall
Cell wall present
3
Differences
Animal cells
Plant cells
Small vacuole or no
vacuole
Large central
vacuole
Nucleus at the
center
Nucleus near cell
wall
4
Organelles
•The organs
of the cell.
Each organelle
has a specific
job to do.
5
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like
substance
that
contains
organelles.
6
•Control
Center
Nucleus
• Controls the
normal activities of
the cell
• Contains
chromosomes
7
Nucleolus
• Cell may have 1
to 3 nucleoli
• Inside nucleus
• Disappears when
cell divides
• Makes ribosomes
that make
proteins
8
Cell Membrane
Controls
movement
into and out
of the cell.
9
Plant Cell Organelles
•Cell wall
• Protect and
support the
enclosed
substances
• Resist entry of
excess water into
the cell
• Give shape and
support to the cell
10
Large Vacuole
• Large holding
tank
• Stores the
cell’s water
supply
• Gives the plant
structure and
support.
11
Chloroplast
• Contain the
green pigment
chlorophyll
• Traps sunlight to
make sugars
(food)
• Process called
photosynthesis
12
Different kinds of plant
cells
Onion Epidermal Cells
Guard Cells
root hair
Root Hair Cell
13
Quick Review
14
Control Center?
Nucleus
15
Controls movement into
and out of the cell?
Cell
Membrane
16
Jelly-like substance
that contains
organelles?
Cytoplasm
17
Provides structure and
protection for plants?
Cell wall
18
vacuole
cytoplasm
nucleus
Animal Cell
No cell wall
or
chloroplasts
mitochondrion
cell
membrane
19
Centriole
• Near the nucleus
• Paired structures
• Helps the cell divide
20
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)
•The cell’s
transportation
system.
•Moves protein
around the
cell.
21
Ribosome
• Build proteins
for the cell.
• Can be
attached to
the ER or
floating in
the
cytoplasm.
22
Mitochondria
• The powerhouse of the cell.
• Provides the cell with the
energy it needs.
23
Golgi Bodies
• Shipping and
receiving station.
• Receives &
packages proteins
made by ER
• Transport vesicles
with packaged
proteins pinch off
the ends.
Transport
vesicle
24
Vesicle
• Forms when
part of the
membrane
pinches off
the ER or
the Golgi
complex.
25
Lysosome
• The cell’s
digestive
system
• Breaks down
food and
worn out
cell parts
26
Types of Animal Cells
white blood cell
Amoeba
red blood cell
muscle cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
Paramecium
27
Compound Microscope
• Instrument for
observing small
objects
• Magnify images
up to 2000X
their size
28
Different parts of
a microscope
29
Revolving
nosepiece
Eyepiece
Clip
Body tube
Coarse
adjustment
Fine adjustment
Condenser
Arm
Iris diaphragm
Stage
Objective
Mirror
Condenser
control knob
Base
30
The cell is the Basic Unit
of Life
• Cell is the smallest unit of living organisms
• Unicellular organisms are made of one cell
only
• The cells of multicellular organisms are
specialized to perform different functions
– e.g. mesophyll cells for photosynthesis
and root hair cells for water absorption
31
Levels of organization
• Cells are
grouped
together and
work as a
whole to
perform special
functions
32
Tissue
• A group of similar cells to
perform a particular function
– Animals : epithelial tissue,
muscular tissue
– Plants : vascular tissue,
mesophyll
33
Organ
• Different tissues group together
to carry out specialized functions
– Heart : consists of muscles,
nervous tissue and blood
vessels
– Leaf : consists of epidermis,
mesophyll and vascular tissue
34
The Structures of a Leaf
(Plant Organ)
Chloroplast
Palisade
Mesophyll Cell
Spongy Mesophyll
Cell
Air Space
Stoma
35
The Structures of a Heart
(Animal Organ)
36
System
• Several organs and tissues work together
to carry out a particular set of functions in a
co-ordinated way
– Human : digestive, respiratory, excretory,
circulatory and reproductive systems
– Plant : root and shoot systems
37
Human Body Systems
Examples of systems :
 Digestive System
 Respiratory System
 Circulatory System
 Nervous System
 Reproductive System
38
Examples of a Human Body System
39
Examples of a Human Body System
The Respiratory System
40
Examples of a Human Body System
Circulatory System
41
Examples of a Human Body System
Nervous System
42
Levels of Organization
CELLS
(muscle cells,nerve cells)
TISSUES (muscle, epithelium)
ORGANS (heart, lungs,
stomach)
SYSTEMS (circulatory system)
ORGANISM (human)
43
It’s You!
44