Download Cells - Warren County Schools

Cells:
The Basic Units of Life
The Cell Theory
1. All organisms are composed of one or
more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all
living things.
3. All cells come from existing cells.
Organelles
Organelles are chemicals and
structures that enable the cell to
live, grow and reproduce.
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Cells:
• Have no membrane
covered nucleus
• Have no membrane
- covered organelles
• Have circular DNA
• Are bacteria
Two Types of Cells
Eukaryotic Cells:
• Have a nucleus
• Have a membrane covered organelles
• Have linear DNA
• Are all other cells
Hereditary Material and
Cytoplasm
• Hereditary Material
in the cell is DNA.
• DNA controls all the
activities of the cell.
• Cytoplasm is the
fluid contained in the
cell.
Cell Membrane
• Keeps cytoplasm
inside the cell
• Provides a barrier
between the inside
and the outside of
the cell
• Allows nutrients into
the cell and wastes
outside of the cell
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
• Found only in plant cells
• Made of cellulose
• Provides strength and
support for the cell
• When too much water
enters the plant cell, the
wall prevents it from
exploding.
The Nucleus
DNA
Nucleolus
• The largest most
visible organelle in
the cell
• The control center of
the cell
• Contains the Cell’s
DNA
Nuclear Membrane
Ribosomes
• Smallest most
abundant organelles
• Found in all cells
• The site where
amino acids are
hooked together to
make proteins
• Does not have a
membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
• Membrane covered
compartment
• Makes lipids and other
materials for use inside
and outside the cell
• Breaks down chemicals
that can damage the
cell
• It is the internal delivery
system for the cell
Mitochondria
Outer Membrane
• Site where ATP is
made
• It is surrounded by
two membranes
• Can only work if
Oxygen is present
Inner Membrane
Chloroplasts
• Found only in plant cells
• Has two membranes
• Contains chlorophyll,
which makes
chloroplasts green
• Sun’s energy is
trapped in chlorophyll to
make sugar
• This process is called
photosynthesis
Inner Membrane
Outer Membrane
Golgi Complex
• Where proteins and
other materials are
processed and shipped
• Lipids and proteins are
modified here for
different functions
• Final products are
enclosed in a piece of
membrane that breaks
off and transports to
other parts of the cell or
outside of the cell
Vacuole
Vacuole
• Found only in Plants
• Large membrane covered chamber
• Stores water and
other liquids
Lysosomes
• Found in animal cells
• Digests food particles
and cell parts
• Protects cell by
digesting foreign
invaders
• When they break they
cause the destruction of
the cell
Plant or Animal Cell?
Found in Plant and Animal cells:
• Nucleus
• Golgi Complex
• Mitochondrion
• Lyosomes
• Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Cell Membrane
• Ribosomes
Found only in Plant Cells:
• Chloroplasts
• Vacuoles
• Cell Wall