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Transcript
• A cell is living cell is a complex, multi-functional unit. Even the simplest of cells performs many different tasks and functions. Eukaryotes (Animal) Prokaryotes(Bacteria) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES No nucleus Nucleus Multiplication of cell is by fission or budding. (ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION) Cell division by mitosis or meiosis.(ASUXUAL OR SEXUAL REPRODUCTION) DNA is a single loop DNA is organized into chromosomes Most prokaryotes are made up of just a single cell May be multicellular or single-celled organisms Two groups: the Bacteria and the Archaea. Many groups: animals, plants, fungi, and protists. No cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton Asexual reproduction Sexual and asexual reproduction Both have a cell membrane, contain ribosomes, have DNA and cytoplasm. PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL Cell Membrane Yes Yes Cell Wall Yes No Centrioles No Yes Chromosones One long DNA strand(?) Many Cilia or Flagella Yes, simple Yes, Complex Endoplasmic Reticulum No Yes (some exceptions) Golgi Complex No Yes Mitochondria No Yes Nucleus No Yes Peroxisomes No Common Ribosomes Yes Yes Cytoplasm Yes Yes Chloroplasts no yes Vacuoles No Yes • Cell Wall - Outer covering of most cells that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape. • Cell Membrane - Surrounds the cell's cytoplasm and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell. • Capsule - Protects the cell when it is engulfed by other organisms, assists in retaining moisture, and helps the cell adhere to surfaces and nutrients. • Cytoplasm - A gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also contains enzymes, cell components, and some organic molecules. • Pili - They attach to other bacterial cells. Shorter pili (fimbriae) help bacteria attach to surfaces. • Flagella - Long, whip-like protrusion that aids in cellular locomotion • Ribosomes - Cell structures responsible for protein production. • Plasmids - Gene carrying, circular DNA structures that are not involved in reproduction. • Nucleiod Region - Area of the cytoplasm that contains the single bacterial DNA molecule. Collenchyma Cells (PLANT) Muscle cell (ANIMAL) Sclerenchyma Cells (PLANT) • Nucleus - It contains the cell's (DNA) information and controls the cell's growth and reproduction. The most prominent organelle in the cell. • Mitochondria - It converts energy into forms that are usable by the cell. They are the sites of cellular respiration and are also involved in other cell processes such as cell division and growth, as well as cell death. • Endoplasmic Reticulum - extensive network of membranes which interconnects with the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope, It helps to compartmentalize the cell and it serves as routes for the transport of materials. • Golgi complex - They process materials manufactured by the cell and then package those products into small structures called "Golgi vesicles." • Golgi vesicles come in two general types: micro bodies and secretory vesicles. • Micro bodies are fated to remain in the cell because they contain materials which the cell needs, but must remain away from the cell's other contents. • Secretory vesicle contains materials to be exported (secreted) from the cell. These materials are not waste products— they are chemicals manufactured by the cell for export (like hormones) • Ribosomes - these organelles consist of RNA and proteins and are responsible for protein production. They are found suspended in the cytosol or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. • Lysosomes - These sacs of enzymes recycle the cell's organic material by digesting cellular macromolecules, such as nucleic acids, fats, and proteins. • Peroxisomes - Like lysosomes, they are bound by a membrane and contain enzymes. They help to detoxify alcohol, form bile acid, and break down fats. • Vacuole - These fluid-filled, enclosed structures are found most commonly in plant cells and fungi. They are responsible for nutrient storage, detoxification, and waste exportation. • Chloroplast - This chlorophyll containing plastid is found in plant cells, but not animal cells. They absorb the sun's light energy for photosynthesis. • Centrioles - These cylindrical structures are found in animal cells, but not plant cells. They help to organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division. • Cilia and Flagella - The function is the same than in prokaryotic cells, only that they are more complex. They are formed from specialized groupings of microtubules called basal bodies. • Rap song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yu21ShnKhHk • Articles: http://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/centernews/2015/03/study-reveals-how-nuclei-maintain-shape.html • Links: • http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/cellstructure.htm • http://biology.about.com/od/cellanatomy/a/eukaryprokarycell s.htm • http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/cell • http://biology.tutorvista.com/cell.html • http://thecellorganelles.weebly.com/ribosomes-lysosomesmitochondria--golgi-apparatus.html