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Transcript
Cholera E - State how cholera causes pathology C - Describe special features of a bacterial cell A - Explain how they are related to function Cholera •Vibrio cholerae •Rod-shaped bacteria •Transmitted in contaminated water •Causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration. Water drawn out through osmosis (upto 6l a day) causing severe dehydration. Water tainted with V. Cholerae is ingested, usually through water contaminated with effluent Produce flagellin to produce flagellum to move through mucus of small intestine. Cholera Cause Cl- ions to be pumped into the small intestine lumen and Na+ ion channels to be blocked. Creates highly hypertonic solution in the gut lumen Bacteria go into hibernation to survive stomach acid Finally shock is caused about 12 hours after first symptoms shown with death with 18 hours Prokaryote (bacterial) Cell membrane made of phospholipids Membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria Free ribosomes No membrane bound Pilli Eukaryote (Animal or plant) DNA super coiled into chromosomes and stored in a nucleus DNA on a simple circular plasmid Cell membrane made of Cell wall made of phospholipids cellulose Ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum Flagellum Cell wall including peptidoglycan Prokaryote (bacterial) Free ribosomes No membrane bound organelles Pilli Flagellum DNA on a simple circular plasmid Cell wall including peptidoglycan Cell membrane made of phospholipids Eukaryote (Animal or plant) Ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum Membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria DNA super coiled into chromosomes and stored in a nucleus Cell wall made of cellulose Cell membrane made of phospholipids Adaptations • • • • • • • Facilitate attachment Aid motility (movement) Allows bacteria to be killed more easily by stopping synthesis of specific parts of their cell wall. Have only simple protein synthesis Essential to control flow of substances in and out of the cell. Allow swapping of DNA easily allowing bacteria to be responsive to their environment. Simple processes need only simple enzymic control Eukaryote (Animal or plant) Prokaryote (bacterial) Treatment •SLGT1 protein •Na+/K+ pump •Hyperosmotic to lumen •Osmosis