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Transcript
Cell Structures Organelles Mitochondria Chloroplasts Endoplasmic Reticulum Lysosomes Golgi Apparatus Ribosome Vacuoles Plastid Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Changes chemical energy in food to compounds more convenient for cell to use Has 2 membranes Outer- surrounds the organelle Inner- increases surface area because of folds; this is where cellular respiration takes place; folds are called cristae Produces ATP Chloroplasts Only in PLANT cells Change energy from one form to another Capture sunlight Converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars Endoplasmic Reticulum Transports material through the cell Makes poisons, wastes and other toxins harmless Can be rough or smooth Rough ER has ribosomes on it Smooth ER does not have ribosomes Makes proteins through the ribosomes Lysosomes Clean up crew Removes the junk Encircles and engulfs foreign material Uses chemicals and enzymes Not present in plant cells Can eat old organelles Golgi Apparatus Discovered by Camillo Golgi Modifies, collects, packages, and distributes molecules made at one location of the cell to another location to be used Looks like a stack of pancakes Ribosome Made in the nucleus Some are free in the cytoplasm and other are attached to the ER Make proteins Smallest organelle Vacuoles Stores material such as water, salt, protein and carbohydrates Mainly found in PLANT cells Plants have one single large vacuole for water storage Plastid Only in PLANTS Store food and pigment Chloroplasts- stores chlorophyll Leukoplasts- stores starch Chromoplasts- stores pigments (fruits and flowers) Amyloplasts- contain starch, found in seeds Animal Cells Lysosomes Plant Cells Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Chloroplasts Plant Cell Vacuole Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome (free) Chloroplast Cell Membrane Ribosome (attached) Nuclear envelope Cell wall Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Mitochondrian Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Animal Cell Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Ribosome (attached) Ribosome (free) Cell Membrane Mitochondrian Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles Cytoskeleton Gives the cell shape and mechanical support, maintains structure and aids in movement Composed of microtubules Hollow tubes Maintain shape of cell Serves as a track for organelles to move on Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Michondrion Cilia and Flagella Made of microtubules Flagella move in an undulating fashion to propel a cell. Ex. Sperm, euglena Cilia- more numerous on the cells surface, act more like oars. Ex. Paramecium In humans cilia line parts of the respiratory system moving dust particles and bacteria away from the lungs