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Transcript
Grade 8 Science Chapter 1 Observing Cells copy Chapter 1.3 Cells copy Organelles – Parts of a Cell • Each cell must carry out certain activities that keep it alive. • To carry out these functions, cells must have some basic structures. • These structures inside the cell are known as organelles. copy Plant Cell Plant Cell copy Animal Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell vs Animal Cell How do the two cells differ? How are the two cells the same? copy Parts of a Cell • Most organelles appear in both plant and animal cells. • Two specific organelles appear only in plant cells (cell wall & chloroplasts) copy Parts of a Cell Membrane – • like a skin around the cell • surrounds and protects the cell • controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. • Cell copy Parts of a Cell – • jelly-like, constantly in motion • takes up most of the space in a cell; supports the structure • distributes materials around the cell • Cytoplasm copy Parts of a Cell – • controls the cells activities • contains the chromosomes • enclosed by a nuclear membrane that controls what enters and leaves nucleus • Nucleus copy Parts of a Cell – • balloon-like spaces • storage spaces for food, wastes and other substances • surrounded by a membrane • Vacuoles copy Parts of a Cell Reticulum – • folded membrane • forms system of canals within cytoplasm • materials are transported in canals to different parts of the cell • Endoplasmic copy Parts of a Cell – • Energy production for the cell • Tiny food particles broken down for energy • “Powerhouse” of the cell • Mitochondria copy Parts of a Cell Wall – • only in plants and fungi • thick and more rigid than membranes; cellulose • provide strength and support for cell • Cell copy Parts of a Cell • Chloroplasts – • only in green plants and some unicellular organisms • where photosynthesis happens • green pigment called chlorophyll Why… • Why are cells sooooooo small? Imagine… • You are in a swimming pool… • If the pool gets bigger, what happens if you are trying to swim across it several times? Is bigger better?… Investigation 1 – F Page 32-33 Volume of Cube = s3 Surface Area of Cube = 6s2 copy Cell Size and Function • Why are cells so small? • The ONLY way in or out is through the cell membrane. •To carry out their work, calls need a constant supply of materials such as oxygen, water and food and get rid of waste. copy Small, Smaller, Smallest •Most cells fall into a narrow range of size • To grow bigger, organisms add more cells to their bodies rather than grow bigger cells copy Small, Smaller, Smallest