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Transcript
Cells to Organelles Mrs. Dillon’s Science Class Certain materials are included under the fair use exemption of the U.S. Copyright Law and have been prepared according to the multimedia fair use guidelines and are restricted from further use. These are Organisms (living things) Any Organism is Made Up Of Organ Systems An organ system is a group of organs that work together. Muscular System (Front View) Click here to see how joints work: Bone (anatomy) -Media -Encarta ® Online Digestive System Cardiovascular System Skeletal System (Front View) Interesting Fact about an Organ System Your skeletal system is replaced every 7 years or so. Organ Systems are Made Up of Organs Heart Lungs Brain Skin (Cut View) Liver Eye Interesting Fact about an Organ Your ______ skin is the largest organ of your body. It comprises about 12% of your total body weight. In other words, if you weigh 100 pounds, 12 of those 100 pounds come from your skin. Even your eyes are covered by a layer of skin. By the time you reach the age of 70, you will have shed over 40 pounds of dead skin cells. Think about holding 4 10-pound bags of potatoes. That’s how much skin you will lose by age 70. http://www.innerbody.com/image/nerv16.html This is a human hair and part of its root. What does it remind you of? “Did you know ? The average person is believed to have over five million hairs growing on their body at the same time. Isn't it amusing to know that humans have just as many hair follicles as gorillas do? Hair color depends on amount of melanin (pigment). As we age, less melanin is formed and small air bubbles form, making the appearance look gray.” Photo by Student in 406, 2003 Interesting Fact Source: http://www.innerbody.com /image/nerv16.html Organs are made up of Tissues A piece of an organ is a tissue. http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/cardiology/heart/photographs.html Unhealthy Heart Tissue (enlarged) Tissues are made up of Cells BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology Animation and Educational Site for Kids. Organisms Organ Systems Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Organisms Organ Systems Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Interesting Fact about Cells The human body has more than 75 trillion cells in it. If these cells were lined up around the Earth, they would circle the Earth more than 48 times! Cells are made of Organelles Golgi Body Cytoplasm Ribosome Lysosome Cell Wall Vacuole Chloroplast Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/lysosome.html Test Yourself: Name the Organelles in a Plant Cell 9 11 1 3 10 4 7 2 6 8 5 Tissues are made up of Cells BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology Animation and Educational Site for Kids. Photo by Cameron R., Ms. Tresten’s Class, 2002 Tissues are made up of Cells BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane) Animation and Educational Site for Kids. Cameron Reagon’s sample - 2002 Tissues are made up of Cells BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology Animation and Educational Site for Kids. Photo by D Tresten, 2002 Chloroplast http:// www.c ellsaliv e.com/ ecoli.h tm CELLS alive! Chloroplast Visible from Underlying James A. Sullivan Cell Layer If This is the cheek cell of a human, can you identify the organelles? Cell Membrane 2. 1. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus Which is a plant cell and which is a animal cell? How can you tell? Where are the Chloroplasts in this Photo of Algae? (Photo by Kim Hugh, Ms. Tresten’s class, 2002) View a Virtual Cell http://www.life.uiuc.edu/ plantbio/cell/ To see nucleus: http://www.life.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/plantbio/cell/cell.cgi Functions of Cell Organelles Read the “function clue.” Write the name of the organelle that has been described. Click to check your answer. Copy the function of each organelle. Function Clue #1 This structure looks like clear, Cytoplasm Cell Wall mashed-up Jello. It’s known as Vacuole Chloroplast the “living sea” Cell of the cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria because it is the structure in which all of the other structures “float” so that they don’t slam into each other. Molecular Expressions Digital Video Gallery: Amoeba (Protozoa) Video No. 1 Plant Cell Organelles Which structure is the “Living Sea” which separates organelles? Cytoplasm See cytoplasm move: Molecular Expressions Digital Video Gallery: Amoeba (Protozoa) Video No. 1 Function Clue #2 These “mighty” organelles give energy to the cell. They are the “powerhouses” of the cells. What are they? Which structures are the “powerhouses” of cells? Mitochondria Function Clue #3 Plant Cell Organelles Cytoplasm Cell Wall Vacuole Chloroplast Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Celery is made mostly of cellulose. This structure is the “protector” of cells. It is tough, stringy, and surrounds plant cells ONLY. It acts like a wall or a suit of armor. It is made of cellulose. What is the “protector”? Cell Wall Function Clue #4 This structure is the “brain” or “boss” of the cell. It “tells” the cell what to do: to reproduce, take in water, take in food, make food (plant cells only), etc. Which structure is the “brain” of the cell? Nucleus Function Clue #5 Plant Cell Organelles Cytoplasm Cell Wall Vacuole Chloroplast Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondrion This organelle is very plasmatic (shapechanging). It allows food and water to enter the cell easily, but it holds the cytoplasm inside its membrane. It’s like a fence. Which structure holds the “innards” in but keeps bacteria out? Cell Membrane Function Clue #6 Ribosome Lysosome Golgi Body This small, grainlike structure is the protein producer of the cell. Think of it as a tiny living factory. Which structure is the “Protein Producer”of the cell? Ribosome Function Clue #7 CELLS alive! James A. Sullivan This is an organelle that is ONLY in a plant cell. It is the structure in which a plant cell makes its own food (chlorophyll) with the help of the sun (in a process known as photosynthesis). Which organelle produces food for the cell? Chloroplast This chloroplast is empty because it has not yet made chlorophyll. Why not? Perhaps it is winter time, and the sun’s rays do not strike the Earth directly enough to provide enough energy for photosynthesis to occur. Function Clue #8 This structure is the “pantry” of a cell. It holds the food and water that enter the cell through the cell membrane. In a plant cell, these structures tend to be very large. Which structure holds food & water like a pantry? Vacuole Function Clue #9 Endoplasmic reticulum This maze of passageways carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another. Which structure is the “passageway” of the cell? Endoplasmic Reticulum Function Clue #10 Lysosome Golgi Bodies This structure acts as the pipeline (distributors) of the cell. It receives materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and sends them to other parts of the cell. Works with lysosomes. Which structure is the “Pipeline ” or “Distributor” of the cell?* Golgi Body *These organelles could act as pipelines between the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, for example) Function Clue #11 Lysosome This structure acts as the garbage disposal of the cell. It works with the Golgi bodies to break down “food” particles and worn-out cell parts, and then release them from the cell. Which structure is the “Garbage Disposal” of the cell? Lysosome Organelle Functions Safely holds all organelles Gives instructions Chlorophyll to the cell (food) is made in this structure (through photosynthesis) Passageway through which materials in cell are moved Protects cell from invaders (sun & insects) Stores water & food Holds cytoplasm & allows food/water to enter/exit cell Receive materials Breaks down from E.R. and food/worn-out cell send them to parts and releases other parts of cell. them from cell Gives energy to the cell Learn the Function Safely holds all organelles Gives instructions Chlorophyll to the cell (food) is made in this structure (through photosynthesis) Passageway through which materials in cell are moved Protects cell from invaders (sun & insects) Stores water & food Receive materials Breaks down from E.R. and food/worn-out cell send them to parts and releases other parts of cell. them from cell Holds cytoplasm & allows food/water to enter/exit cell Gives energy to the cell Let’s concentrate on the nucleus next… What’s in the Nucleus? The nucleus contains chromatin. Chromatin Mitosis.ppt What do Chromatin do? Before one parent cell divides to become two cells, the chromatin coil and condense to become chromosomes. CELLS alive! Mitosis.ppt See chromatin become chromosomes: BU WebCentral Learning: Flash - Introduction Genes On the chromosomes are genes. http://www.biosciences. bham.ac.uk/labs/minchi n/tutorials/lgdna.html http://www.marfan.org /pub/newsletter/vol04/ video.html Mitosis.ppt DNA In the genes is DNA, the message-giver of the cells. Mitosis.ppt http://www.psc.e du/science/Rose nberg/Rosenberg .html Credits: Photographs All photographs used in this presentation except this one were taken by Ms. Tresten or her students during laboratory investigations of pond water. This photograph was used by permission from CellsAlive.com (James A. Sullivan). See permission below. Permission from CellsAlive.Com Content on the CELLS alive! website is the property of Quill Graphics and is subject to international copyright laws. The site is provided as a free classroom educational resource to thousands of students and teachers each day and we encourage the use of the site and images in the classroom setting. However, any use outside the school classroom is restricted. Credits: Clip Art All clip art is used by permission from Microsoft Design Gallery.