* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Cell - Marblehead High School
Survey
Document related concepts
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Programmed cell death wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
The Building Blocks of Life What are they? 7-1 How do we know they exist? THE MICROSCOPE!!! 1) Compound light microscope – light beams used to visualize an tiny structures – not viruses or proteins 2) TEMs – transmission electron microscopes – can see cell organelles but needs slices to examine 3) SEMs – scanning electron microscopes – gives you a 3D image Fluorescent labeling, high resolution video and scanning probe microscopes are recent additions to our technology Who helped us understand cells? 1665 - Robert Hooke used his micorscope to observe cork and first used the term, “cells” 1674 - Anton van Leeuwenhoek observe living animal cells in pond water 1838 - Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants are made of cells Who helped us understand cells? 1839 - Theodor Schwann concluded that all animals are also made of cells 1855 - Rudolph Virchow - proposes that all cells come from other cells The cell theory is completed now… What do we know about cells? o The cell theory: All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things New cells come from other cell They all have two common characteristics: A cell membrane Contain DNA QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Cell membrane & Nucleus QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. That is it!!!! All cells vary in their… Shape Size Function QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Prokaryotes (bacteria) Small Simple No nucleus QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi…) Larger Complex Contain double membrane-bound organelles Contain a nucleus QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Class work 7-1 worksheet -complete in using your notes and only then, answer use your book to fill in the rest The Components of a Eukaryotic Cell Parts & Organelles 7-2 The two major parts work together: Nucleus - Control center - Holds DNA - Directs production of proteins & other molecules 2. Cytoplasm 1. The parts of the Nucleus 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Nuclear Envelope – two layer protective covering Nuclear Pores – pathway for materials in and out Chromatin – DNA strands wrapped up in proteins Chromosomes – organized condensed chromatin during division Nucleolus – small center where ribosome assembly starts IN THE CYTOPLASM THERE ARE…. RIBOSOMES Small organelles; made of protein and RNA; follow instructions from the nucleus on how to make proteins Located floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (AKA the “ER”) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Smooth ER - Produce lipids for the cell membrane; detoxifies drugs Rough ER - Produce proteins and others materials that leave the cell; covered with ribosomes GOLGI APPARATUS A layered stack of membranes Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and others materials that were made in the ER Transports its products to storage in the cell or releases them from the cell MITOCHONDRIA Produce energy (ATP) for the cell Undergo cellular respiration LYSOSOME Tiny digestive organelles Full of enzymes that breakdown the carbon macromolecules Takes apart old cell parts VACUOLES Uses: Provides structure by becoming filled with water and taking up most of plant cells Provides storage for materials Provides movement by contracting to pump water out of a cell CHLOROPLASTS ONLY in plant & algae cells Contains stacks of pigments that change solar energy into energy for the cell Where is DNA usually found in a cell? It is also held in mitochondria and chloroplasts They each contain their own information CHALLENGE QUESTION!!!!! Why do you think this is the case? How is the cell supported? Hint: How is your body supported? The Cytoskeleton – a network of protein filaments (like your bones) that allow the cell to hold its shape and to move Made of microfilaments and microtubules Microtubules called centrioles also help to separate chromosomes during cell division Microtubules also form structures called cilia and flagella that extend from the cell and move it around Homework: Start cellular wars!!! In your group: Decide on what cell “unit” you will make Decide what organelles you are responsible for Design your index cards for homework