* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Moving cellular Material Notes
Survey
Document related concepts
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Warm Up Write your responses in your binder: 1. What materials need to get into a cell? Why? 2. What materials need to get out of a cell? Why? 3. What cell structure must these materials pass through? Foldable: Passive Transport Active Transport Cellular Transport Cellular Transport • Remember: All living things use energy. – So, materials such as food, water, and oxygen need to get into cells. – Additionally, wastes, such as carbon dioxide, needs to get out of cells. • Homeostasis – the maintenance of stable internal conditions inside of the cell The Cell Membrane • The exchange of materials between the cell and its environment takes place at the cell’s membrane. – Selectively permeable (or semipermeable) – selects or chooses what materials may pass through (or permeate) • Two general types of cellular transport: 1. Passive transport 2. Active transport I. Passive Transport • Passive transport is the movement of materials through the cell membrane WITHOUT the use of energy. • Two types: – Diffusion – Osmosis 1. Diffusion • Diffusion – The movement of small particles through the cell membrane from areas of high concentration (crowded) to areas of low concentration (less crowded). • Particles are constantly moving • Does NOT require that the cell use any energy Cell membrane over time… Area of higher concentration Area of lower concentration Diffusion Before diffusion – particles are crowded outside the cell and some move into the cell. After diffusion– particles have reached equilibrium. Facilitated Diffusion (Accelerated) • Some substances, such as glucose (a sugar) cannot move through the phospholipid cell membrane. • They are “helped” through the cell membrane by transport proteins. Transport Proteins-Two Types • Carrier proteins: carry large molecules such as the glucose molecule glucose, through the cell membrane. • Channel proteins : Channel proteins form pores through the membrane. Atomic particles, such as sodium ions and potassium ions, pass through the cell membrane. Also known as Sodium-potassium pump. 2. Osmosis • Diffusion of water is so important to life processes that it has been given a special name…Osmosis – the diffusion of water (Think…H20 = osmosis) • Water is made up of particles, called molecules (H2O). • Pure water = has a higher concentration of water molecules • Mixture in water (solution) - has a lower concentration of water molecules • Ex: food coloring, sugar, or salt mixed in water Osmosis Affect of Water on Red Blood Cells A. Normal B. Salt water C. Too much “pure” water Warm Up • The cell membrane of this cell is permeable to water but not to dissolved materials (solutes). What will immediately happen when the cell is placed into this solution? A. Water will flow out of the cell. B. Water will flow into the cell. C. Dissolved materials will move into the cell. D. Dissolved materials will move into the cell AND water will move out. = dissolved materials II. Active Transport • When cells use energy to move materials through the cell membrane, it is called active transport. – Movement of small molecules from LOW to HIGH concentrations (LESS CROWDED to CROWDED areas). – Movement of large molecules into or out of the cell. Moving Small Particles • Movement from LOW to HIGH concentrations of a substance • Cells can take in needed nutrients from the environment through carrier proteins by using active transport. Moving Large Particles • Large particles move into and out of cells through: – Endocytosis – cell surrounds a large particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell. • Vesicle – sacs formed from pieces of the cell membrane • Endo = inside Example: some cells take in bacteria and viruses using endocytosis – Exocytosis – when large particles leave the cell through the cell membrane • Exo = exit; outside ENDOCYTOSIS - into EXOCYTOSIS – out of TOC #36 “Cellular Transport Analogy Chart” Characteristic Molecule Movement Uses Energy? Passive Transport Active Transport (Diffusion & Osmosis) (Transport proteins, endocytosis, exocytosis) High to Low (crowded to less crowded) 1. Low to High (less crowded into a crowded area) No 2. Large particles Yes Rowing with the current Rowing against the current Cycling downhill Cycling uphill Analogies