* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cell Membrane, vacuoles, vesicles and lysosomes
Survey
Document related concepts
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
SNARE (protein) wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Programmed cell death wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Cell Membrane, vacuoles, vesicles and lysosomes Cell membrane The “skin” of the cell that controls what goes in and out of the cell Made up of a bi-layer of phospholipids Other molecules (proteins and carbohydrates) impeded in the bi-layer Cell has to be small so that the volume does not out grow the surface area Vacuoles Used in cell maintenance Food vacuoles Formed by phagocytosis Collects food from outside Contractual vacuole Pumps out excess water Central vacuole Hold materials (waste, access food, harmful materials) Vesicles Sacs made of membrane inside of a cell Transport products in various stages of processing from one cisterna to an other Transport vesicle Tiny membrane sacs in a cell’s cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell Lysosomes Membrane-bound sac of hydrolytic enzymes that the cell uses to digest macromolecules Found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells Lysosomal enzymes can hydrolyze proteins, polysaccharides, fats, and nucleic acids Carry out intracellular digestion by a process called phagocytosis Lysosomes also use hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organic material in a process called autophagy Lysosomes provide a space where the cell can digest macromolecules safely Formed by budding off the Golgi membrane Transport vesicles containing inactive hydrolytic enzymes buds off the ER membrane Golgi apparatus activates hydrolytic enzymes Lysosomes containing active hydrolytic enzymes bud off the Golgi membrane Autophagy: a lysosome engulfs a damaged organelle Phagocytosis: a food vacuole pinches off the plasma membrane, enclosing food particle Food vacuole fuses with lysosome Hydrolytic enzymes digest particles engulfed by lysosomes ;breakdown products (monomers) pass across lysosome membrane into cytosol