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Transcript
Chapter 4 Eukaryotic Cell • Cilia – filamentous structures on the surface of the cell. They are short and numerous. • Flagella – filamentous structures. They are long and few. • Help the cell to move • Cell walls • Plant cells have cellulose cell wall. • Fungi have chitin cell wall. • Animal cells have no cell walls. • They have glycocalyx (sugar coat) made up of carbohydrates. Protects the cell. • Plasma membrane – proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. Encloses the cytoplasm. • Cytoplasm – cytoskeleton • Microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments. • Cytoskeleton is involved in cytoplasmic streaming. • Cytoplasm circulates within the cell such that the nutrients are distributed throughout the cell. DNA – packaged into nucleosomes Segments of DNA are wrapped around Histone proteins. lipids proteins Ribosomes • • • • Free in the cytoplasm Show up as dots in a micrograph. Made up of two subunits. Each subunit is made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA. • Eukaryotic cell has 80s ribosomes. • Larger and denser than prokarytoic ribosomes. Proteins and lipids made in the ER Transported to golgi Modified - lipid added to protein – lipoprotein Transported to other parts of the cell Power house – cellular respiration DNA 70S ribosomes Chlorophyll Photosynthesis DNA 70S ribosomes • Lysosomes • Membrane bound vesicles • Membrane bags filled with digestive enzymes. • White blood cells have a large number of lysosomes. • These cells specialize in destroying microbes. • Vacuole – cavity surrounded by a membrane. • Plant cells have large water vacuoles. • Leaves and stems more rigid. • Centrioles – cylindrical • Made up of proteins • Flagella and cilia grow out of centriole