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Cell Types and
Cell Structure
Prokaryotic
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vs.
no nucleus
no membrane enclosed organelles
single chromosome
no streaming in the cytoplasm
cell division without mitosis
simple flagella
smaller ribosomes
simple cytoskeleton
no cellulose in cell walls
no histone proteins
Eukaryotic
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nucleus
membrane enclosed organelle
chromosomes in pairs
streaming in the cytoplasm
cell division by mitosis
complex flagella
larger ribosomes
complex cytoskeleton
cellulose in cell walls
DNA bound to histone proteins
Prokaryotic
Examples:
Bacteria
vs.
Eukaryotic
Examples:
Plant cells
Animal cells
Fungi
Protists
Plasma membrane
1. Surrounds Cells
2. Protected by cellulose and protein cell wall in
plants
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
1. Fluid (Cytosol) and organelles that make up
the inside of the cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
1. Membranous nuclear envelope
2. Chromosomes of DNA and protein (Histones)
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
1. Rough ER - Transport of proteins (roughness
is the attached ribosomes)
2. Smooth ER – Processing and transport of lipids
Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
1. Attached to Rough ER
2. Site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body, Golgi complex)
1. Assembly and editing of proteins
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
1. Contain enzymes that break down and help
recycle large proteins in animal cells
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
1. Powerhouse - site of ATP synthesis
Mitochondria
Flagella and Cilia
1. Cell surface projections for movement
Flagella and Cilia
Microtubules and Microfilaments
1. Structural components of the cell
(cytoskeleton) in eukaryotes
Microtubules and
Microfilaments
Vacuoles
1. Large central vacuoles in plant cells contain
enzymes and pigments in plant cells
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
1. Photosynthetic organelles in plant cells,
containing the chlorophyll pigments
Chloroplasts
Comparison:
Plant cells
Animal cells
 Large, central vacuole
 Chloroplasts
 Rigid cell wall outside
of cell membrane
 No large, central vacuole
 No chloroplasts
 No rigid cell wall