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Transcript
Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells. All existing cells are produced by other living cells The cell is the most basic unit of life. Cell Structures, Functions and Transport All Cells share characteristics. All cells are… Enclosed by a membrane. Filled with cytoplasm. Microscopic Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) Prokaryotic Cell simple organism without a defined nucleus or internal membranes Ex: bacteria “Pro” before “karyon” nut or kernel (nucleus) Nucleoid “Nucleus-like”, Contains genetic material for cell division (DNA) No membrane around it Plasmid External, single DNA molecules Often contain genes that can adapt, offer selective advantages Ribosomes Site where protein synthesis occurs Where proteins are made Plasma Membrane Controls movement of materials in & out of the cell Prokaryotic Cell Wall Protects & maintains shape of cell Cytoplasm Makes up majority of cell allows reactions to proceed contains enzymes “Cell goo” Flagella or Flagellum Cell movement, transportation mechanism “Propeller” Pilli or Pilus Allows cell to attach to surfaces & other bacteria Eukaryotic Cells Eu-True complex cells with a nucleus MUCH larger than prokaryotic cells Cells that contain membrane bound organelles Eukarotic Cell Types Animal Cells-heterotrophic (consumers, rely on outside source for food) Plant Cells-autotrophic (producers, rely on energy from sun) Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Cell Membrane Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Nucleus Nickname: “Control Center” or “Brain” Function: holds DNA, controls all cell activity (eating, movement, reproduction) Nucleolus: Found inside nucleus makes ribosomes Ribosomes Ribosomes Function: make proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic “Body Builders” Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types: 1. Rough ER: 2. Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, gives proteins shape Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids, transports proteins Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, & transports materials inside/outside of cell Appearance: stack of pancakes Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: break down food into usable particles, destroy old cells (enzymes) Cytoplasm Makes up majority of cell Function: allows reactions, contains enzymes “Cell goo” Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Mitochondria 6. Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy Plasma Membrane or Cell membrane controls entry & exit of any material “Bouncer” Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Now let’s talk about structures found in PLANT Cells!! Vacuole Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Vacuole: stores water “Water bubble” This is what makes lettuce crisp Go to Section: When there is less water, plant wilts Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Plant Cell Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section: Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from sun & converts it to food for plant cell “Green goblins” chlorophyll is green Chloroplasts Cell Wall Function: cellulose structure that provides support & protection to cell membrane “Peanut shell” Found outside cell membrane in plant cells Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section: Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER Comparing Plant and Animal Cells Plant Animal