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Cell Theory
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All organisms are made of cells.
All existing cells are produced by other living
cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life.
Cell Structures, Functions and
Transport
All Cells share characteristics.
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All cells are…
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Enclosed by a membrane.
Filled with cytoplasm.
Microscopic
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
Prokaryotic Cell
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simple organism without a defined nucleus or
internal membranes
Ex: bacteria
“Pro” before “karyon” nut or kernel (nucleus)
Nucleoid
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“Nucleus-like”,
Contains genetic material for cell division
(DNA)
No membrane around it
Plasmid
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External, single DNA molecules
Often contain genes that can adapt,
offer selective advantages
Ribosomes
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Site where protein synthesis occurs
Where proteins are made
Plasma Membrane
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Controls movement of materials in &
out of the cell
Prokaryotic Cell Wall
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Protects & maintains shape of cell
Cytoplasm
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Makes up majority of cell
allows reactions to proceed
contains enzymes
“Cell goo”
Flagella or Flagellum
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Cell movement, transportation
mechanism
“Propeller”
Pilli or Pilus
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Allows cell to attach to surfaces & other
bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
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Eu-True
complex cells with a nucleus
MUCH larger than prokaryotic cells
Cells that contain membrane bound
organelles
Eukarotic Cell Types
Animal Cells-heterotrophic
(consumers, rely on outside source for food)
 Plant Cells-autotrophic
(producers, rely on energy from sun)
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Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Go to
Section:
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Nucleus
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Nickname: “Control Center” or “Brain”
Function: holds DNA, controls all cell
activity (eating, movement, reproduction)
Nucleolus:
Found inside nucleus
makes ribosomes
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
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Function: make proteins
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
“Body Builders”
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Nickname: “Roads”
Function: The internal delivery system of
cell
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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2 Types:
1. Rough ER:
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2.
Rough appearance because it has ribosomes
Function: helps make proteins, gives proteins
shape
Smooth ER:
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NO ribosomes
Function: makes fats or lipids, transports proteins
Golgi Complex
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Nickname: The shippers
Function: packages, modifies, &
transports materials inside/outside of cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than
ribosomes
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Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
Function: break down food into usable
particles, destroy old cells (enzymes)
Cytoplasm
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Makes up majority of cell
Function: allows reactions, contains
enzymes
“Cell goo”
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Mitochondria
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Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: Energy formation
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Breaks down food to make ATP
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ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that
require energy
Plasma Membrane or
Cell membrane
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controls entry & exit of any material
“Bouncer”
Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
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Now let’s talk about structures found in
PLANT Cells!!
Vacuole
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Vacuole: stores water
“Water bubble”
This is what makes lettuce crisp
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Go to
Section:
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When there is less water, plant wilts
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Plant Cell
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
Chloroplasts
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Function: traps energy from sun &
converts it to food for plant cell
“Green goblins” chlorophyll is green
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
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Function: cellulose structure that provides
support & protection to cell membrane
“Peanut shell”
Found outside cell membrane in plant cells
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Plant
Animal