* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download KINGDOM PLANTAE
Survey
Document related concepts
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Programmed cell death wikipedia , lookup
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
KINGDOM PLANTAE Plant Cells • multi-cellular- plants contain many cells Plant Nucleus • Eukaryotic- Plant cells contain a nucleus Plant food • Autotrophic- Plants make their own food Plant Reproduction • Sexual – offspring of the plants are diverse • Asexual - offspring are uniform There are over 300,000 different kinds of plants. More than half reproduce by seeds. Seed plants make their own seeds from which new plants grow. Other ways plants can reproduce are from spores, bulbs, tubers (rhizomes), corms, and buds. Seeds are made by flowers in some plants and by cones in other plants. The STAMEN is the MALE reproductive ORGAN. Pollen grains are found on the ANTHER. The sticky tip of the pistil, the stigma, is the receptor of pollen. Male reproductive cells travel down the tube and join with the ovule, fertilizing it. The fertilized ovule becomes the seed, and the ovary becomes the fruit. Plants • Multi cellular • Eukaryotic • Autotrophic • Sexual/asexual Reproduction Draw a Plasma (Cell) Membrane: Cell Membrane OR Plasma Membrane Facts about Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Cell Wall Vacuole hloroplast Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondrion Structure (what’s it like): • Very plasmatic (I.e., it changes it shape easily) • Acts like a fence or net Functions: • It allows food and water to enter cell • Holds the cytoplasm inside • Keeps bacteria out Which structure holds the “innards” in but keeps bacteria out? Cell Membrane Plasma Membrane Draw a Cell Wall Cell Wall Facts about Cell Walls STRUCTURE: Plant Cell Organelles Cytoplasm Cell Wall Vacuole Chloroplast Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria It is tough, stringy Acts like a wall or a suit of armor FUNCTION: “Protects” the cell against “invaders” and gives it support. Celery is made Facts about Cell Wall mostly of cellulose. Cellulose is tough, remember? It has to be (to protect each cell. Millions of cells surrounded by tough cell walls would result in tough tissue, yes? •When we eat cellulose (cell walls), we call it fiber. It’s good for us! Cell wall Cell wall James A. Sullivan Draw cytoplasm: Cytoplasm Facts about Cytoplasm Plant Cell Organelles Cytoplasm Cell Wall Vacuole Chloroplast Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondrion WHAT IT’S LIKE • It is like a clear jelly. FUNCTIONS • It moves other organelles around • It keeps other organelles from smashing into each other Which structure separates organelles? Cytoplasm Draw the Nucleus: Nucleus Nucleus Nucleus Facts about Nucleus STRUCTURE: Large, round shape in cell. FUNCTION: • This structure acts like the “brain” or “boss” of the cell. • It “tells” the cell what to do: reproduce, take in water and food Let’s concentrate on the nucleus next… Which structure is the “brain” of the cell? Nucleus Draw a Vacuole: Vacuole Facts about a Vacuole WHAT IT’S LIKE • This structure acts like the “pantry” of a cell. FUNCTION • It holds the food and water that enter the cell through the cell membrane FACT • In a plant cell, these structures tend to be very large. Why? Which structure holds food & water like a pantry? Vacuole What is the cell’s “protector”? Cell Wall Draw Chloroplasts: Chloroplast (Empty) Chloroplast (Full) Facts about Chloroplasts WHAT THEY’RE LIKE • Cooks or chefs FACT • Found ONLY in plant cells FUNCTION • To make food (chlorophyll) with the help of the sun (in a process known as photosynthesis) Chloroplast Chloroplast Visible from Underlying CELLS alive! James A. Sullivan Cell Layer Why are some chloroplasts colored Think: green and others left clear? Chloroplast The “clear” chloroplast is empty because it has not yet made chlorophyll. The green chloroplast is full of green chlorophyll that has been produced with the help of the sun! • Perhaps it is winter time, and the Earth directly enough to provide enough energy for photosynthesis to occur. •Perhaps the plant is unhealthy and cannot produce chlorophyll. •Perhaps the plant is in a spot that is too shady. Which organelle produces food for the cell? Chloroplast Cells Alive Interactive