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Transcript
Mitosis When Cells Divide By: Your teacher!© 1998 About Mitosis • • • • • What is mitosis? Why is it important? The Phases of Mitosis Test your knowledge Review What is Mitosis? • How cells with nuclei reproduce • One cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells. • 5 stages (I.P.M.A.T.) Why Mitosis? • Allows multicellular organisms to grow • 10 m of DNA in 10 um nuclear diameter • Chromosomes = compact DNA & proteins, easy to move - facilitates division versus Phases of Mitosis • • • • • Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase • Period In-between divisions • Nuclear membrane present • DNA in loose strands for transcription • Cell grows, DNA replicates (doubled) Prophase • Cell Prepares to divide • DNA condenses into doubled chromosomes • Nuclear membrane disappears • Spindle apparatus forms Metaphase • Chromosomes move to Middle • Spindle fibers attach at centromere (Kinetochores) • Spindle apparatus stretches from pole to pole Anaphase • Chromatids move Away to poles • Centromere splits 2 kinetochores • Each chromosome 2 chromatids • Spindle fibers contract pulling kinetochore/chromatid away Telophase • • • • Cell Tears in Two Nuclear membrane forms Chromosomes disperse Cytokinesis 2 identical “daughter” cells • Both new cells in interphase Phases of Mitosis • Interphase - cell life In-between divisions • Prophase - cell Prepares to divide • Metaphase - chromosomes move to Middle • Anaphase - chromatids move Away • Telophase - cell Tears in Two What is Mitosis ? What is Mitosis ? • How cells with nuclei reproduce • One cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells. • 5 stages (I.P.M.A.T.) Why Mitosis • Which of these cells can divide it’s DNA evenly without damaging it? ? Why Mitosis • The bottom one! • It’s DNA is condensed into chromosomes • DNA in the top one cannot be divided ? What Phase • Chromosomes lined up in Middle • Spindle fibers attach at centromere (Kinetochores) • Spindle apparatus stretches from pole to pole ? It’s Metaphase! The chromosomes moved to the Middle! What Phase • Period In-between divisions • Nuclear membrane present • DNA in loose strands for transcription • Cell grows, DNA replicates (doubled) ? It’s Interphase! • The cell is In-between divisions What Phase • Chromatids move Away to poles • Centromere splits 2 kinetochores • Each chromosome 2 chromatids • Spindle fibers contract pulling kinetochore/chromatid away ? It’s Anaphase! • Chromatids move Away to poles What Phase • • • • Cell Tears in Two Nuclear membrane forms Chromosomes disperse Cytokinesis 2 identical “daughter” cells • Both new cells in interphase ? It’s Telophase! • Cell Tears in Two What Phase! • Cell Prepares to divide • DNA condenses into doubled chromosomes • Nuclear membrane disappears • Spindle apparatus forms It’s Prophase! • The cell is to divide. Preparing Mitosis = I.P.M.A.T. • Interphase - cell life In-between divisions • Prophase - cell Prepares to divide • Metaphase - chromosomes move to Middle • Anaphase - chromatids move Away • Telophase - cell Tears in Two