Cohesin`s ATPase Activity Couples Cohesin Loading
... Rad21 or Mcd1) bridges the NBDs of Smc1 and Smc3, resulting in a tripartite ring structure. Scc1 is associated with a fourth subunit, called Scc3 in yeast, which in somatic vertebrate cells exists in two isoforms: SA1 and SA2. Cohesin mediates cohesion by entrapping sister chromatids inside its ring ...
... Rad21 or Mcd1) bridges the NBDs of Smc1 and Smc3, resulting in a tripartite ring structure. Scc1 is associated with a fourth subunit, called Scc3 in yeast, which in somatic vertebrate cells exists in two isoforms: SA1 and SA2. Cohesin mediates cohesion by entrapping sister chromatids inside its ring ...
Protein phosphatase 1 down regulates ZYG
... [28-30]. Down regulation of I-2 in Drosophila or human cells leads to chromosome mis-segregation, which is proposed to result from mis-regulation of Aurora B [31,32]. Similarly SDS22 antagonizes Aurora B autophosphorylation, downregulating Aurora B kinase activity [33]. Altho ...
... [28-30]. Down regulation of I-2 in Drosophila or human cells leads to chromosome mis-segregation, which is proposed to result from mis-regulation of Aurora B [31,32]. Similarly SDS22 antagonizes Aurora B autophosphorylation, downregulating Aurora B kinase activity [33]. Altho ...
Review The cellular functions of clathrin
... as a linear array of domains: regions of protein discernable from the primary sequence or with distinct biochemical properties [42]. These are an N-terminal segment, a region that is 100% conserved between LCa and LCb, a portion to which Hsc70 binds (in LCa only), a calciumbinding domain, a region w ...
... as a linear array of domains: regions of protein discernable from the primary sequence or with distinct biochemical properties [42]. These are an N-terminal segment, a region that is 100% conserved between LCa and LCb, a portion to which Hsc70 binds (in LCa only), a calciumbinding domain, a region w ...
The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome: a
... Selective substrate recognition by APC/C How are substrates recognized by APC/C? It has long been suspected that the essential role of co-activator proteins in APC/C activation might be to recruit substrates to APC/C, analogously to the role of adaptor proteins in SCF complexes. This view was suppor ...
... Selective substrate recognition by APC/C How are substrates recognized by APC/C? It has long been suspected that the essential role of co-activator proteins in APC/C activation might be to recruit substrates to APC/C, analogously to the role of adaptor proteins in SCF complexes. This view was suppor ...
Conserved features of cohesin binding along
... between organisms collectively define the overall behavior of fission yeast cohesin. Apparent differences between organisms might reflect an emphasis on different aspects, rather than different principles, of cohesin action. ...
... between organisms collectively define the overall behavior of fission yeast cohesin. Apparent differences between organisms might reflect an emphasis on different aspects, rather than different principles, of cohesin action. ...
Drosophila Xpd Regulates Cdk7 Localization, Mitotic Kinase
... while some mutations cause a highly elevated cancer risk, others do not. The multitask protein Xpd functions in transcription, nucleotide excision repair (NER), and in cell cycle regulation. In a situation where transcription is not required and NER not induced, we specifically analyzed the cell cyc ...
... while some mutations cause a highly elevated cancer risk, others do not. The multitask protein Xpd functions in transcription, nucleotide excision repair (NER), and in cell cycle regulation. In a situation where transcription is not required and NER not induced, we specifically analyzed the cell cyc ...
Wood - 2010 - Nat Rev Genet
... associate with the nucleolus. Condensin binds all yeast tDNA genes24,25, and disruption of any condensin subunit causes the dispersal of tDNA clusters and infrequent association with the nucleolus. Chemical inhibition of RNAPIII transcription has little effect on condensin binding to tDNA loci, show ...
... associate with the nucleolus. Condensin binds all yeast tDNA genes24,25, and disruption of any condensin subunit causes the dispersal of tDNA clusters and infrequent association with the nucleolus. Chemical inhibition of RNAPIII transcription has little effect on condensin binding to tDNA loci, show ...
Cenp-A Presence in Drosophila - Institute of Molecular Life Sciences
... pronucleus after fertilization. Finally, analyses after experimental changes of centromeric Cid levels in sperm demonstrate its crucial role in centromere specification and quantitative maintenance. ...
... pronucleus after fertilization. Finally, analyses after experimental changes of centromeric Cid levels in sperm demonstrate its crucial role in centromere specification and quantitative maintenance. ...
Pericentriolar material structure and dynamics
... fly embryos [6] or PCNT in human cells [7]. One interpretation of these results is that D-PLP and PCNT serve as molecular rulers to set the size of the inner PCM layer. Gopalakrishnan et al. [31] presented data indicating that, in centrosome-free Drosophila embryo extracts, D-PLP forms complexes wit ...
... fly embryos [6] or PCNT in human cells [7]. One interpretation of these results is that D-PLP and PCNT serve as molecular rulers to set the size of the inner PCM layer. Gopalakrishnan et al. [31] presented data indicating that, in centrosome-free Drosophila embryo extracts, D-PLP forms complexes wit ...
Chromosome Dynamics in Meiotic Prophase I in
... While the static approaches using fixed cells continue to provide a wealth of information on meiotic prophase chromosome behavior, they are unavoidably limited in depicting the true chromosome dynamics. Live microscopy studies in unicellular lower eukaryotes, fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe ...
... While the static approaches using fixed cells continue to provide a wealth of information on meiotic prophase chromosome behavior, they are unavoidably limited in depicting the true chromosome dynamics. Live microscopy studies in unicellular lower eukaryotes, fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe ...
View - OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center
... During the process of mitosis a single cell division produces two daughter cells from a single parent cell and each daughter cell has the same genetic information as the parent cell (1, 2). Mitosis produces a pair of sister chromatids from each chromosome. Meiosis is a unique type of cellular divisi ...
... During the process of mitosis a single cell division produces two daughter cells from a single parent cell and each daughter cell has the same genetic information as the parent cell (1, 2). Mitosis produces a pair of sister chromatids from each chromosome. Meiosis is a unique type of cellular divisi ...
Maize meiotic mutants with improper or non
... ultra-high resolution light microscopy that overcomes the 200 nm limit of resolution of conventional light microscopy, and reaches a lateral resolution of at least 100 nm. The two AEs of synapsed SCs are clearly resolved with a 194 nm spacing and they coil around each other as a left handed helix of ...
... ultra-high resolution light microscopy that overcomes the 200 nm limit of resolution of conventional light microscopy, and reaches a lateral resolution of at least 100 nm. The two AEs of synapsed SCs are clearly resolved with a 194 nm spacing and they coil around each other as a left handed helix of ...
PDF version
... cortex only after a lag time (Bienkowska and Cowan, 2012). This partial reliance on cortical microtubules may help resolve apparent contradictions in the literature concerning the requirement of microtubules for polarization in the one-cell embryo (Tsai and Ahringer, 2007; Cowan and Hyman, 2004b; So ...
... cortex only after a lag time (Bienkowska and Cowan, 2012). This partial reliance on cortical microtubules may help resolve apparent contradictions in the literature concerning the requirement of microtubules for polarization in the one-cell embryo (Tsai and Ahringer, 2007; Cowan and Hyman, 2004b; So ...
Multiple mechanisms determine the order of APC/C substrate
... Sullivan and Morgan, 2007). It is not clear how the same APC/C complex robustly distinguishes among its substrates and promotes their degradation at different times in the cell cycle. The timing of APC/CCdc20 substrate degradation in vertebrate cells is influenced by the spindle assembly checkpoint ...
... Sullivan and Morgan, 2007). It is not clear how the same APC/C complex robustly distinguishes among its substrates and promotes their degradation at different times in the cell cycle. The timing of APC/CCdc20 substrate degradation in vertebrate cells is influenced by the spindle assembly checkpoint ...
Chapter ONE - VU Research Portal
... replicated or damaged chromosomes. The principal target of this checkpoint is cyclin B1Cdk1: restraining its activity will prevent the onset of mitosis. Mitosis: Triggering the Formation of Identical Daughter Cells Mitosis, the shortest cell cycle phase, is a complicated process that has five distin ...
... replicated or damaged chromosomes. The principal target of this checkpoint is cyclin B1Cdk1: restraining its activity will prevent the onset of mitosis. Mitosis: Triggering the Formation of Identical Daughter Cells Mitosis, the shortest cell cycle phase, is a complicated process that has five distin ...
Homologous pairing and the role of pairing centers in meiosis
... Specific, but similar, target sequences for each of the zinc-finger proteins have recently been identified and found to be enriched in the PC regions of the appropriate chromosomes. These sequences are repeats of varying length and spacing that all have similar 12-bp core sequences, which have been ...
... Specific, but similar, target sequences for each of the zinc-finger proteins have recently been identified and found to be enriched in the PC regions of the appropriate chromosomes. These sequences are repeats of varying length and spacing that all have similar 12-bp core sequences, which have been ...
1 Sister chromatids are often incompletely cohesed
... sister chromatid cohesion is variable, dynamic and not obligatory along the entire chromosome arms in meristematic and differentiated Arabidopsis nuclei. ...
... sister chromatid cohesion is variable, dynamic and not obligatory along the entire chromosome arms in meristematic and differentiated Arabidopsis nuclei. ...
PDF
... Fig. 1. Clathrin negatively regulates net pulling forces acting on centrosomes during centration/rotation and on spindle poles during anaphase. (A-G) Centration/rotation. (A,B) Centrosome position in wild-type (A) and chc-1(RNAi) (B) embryos monitored by time-lapse DIC microscopy. Centrosomes are ma ...
... Fig. 1. Clathrin negatively regulates net pulling forces acting on centrosomes during centration/rotation and on spindle poles during anaphase. (A-G) Centration/rotation. (A,B) Centrosome position in wild-type (A) and chc-1(RNAi) (B) embryos monitored by time-lapse DIC microscopy. Centrosomes are ma ...
Gene Section AURKB (aurora kinase B) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... 2A (PP2A) (Sugiyama et al., 2002) regulate Aurora B kinase activation while MKlp2 controls Aurora B localization in anaphase (Gruneberg et al., 2004). Regarding mitotic chromosome condensation, Aurora B directly phosphorylates histone H3, not only at S10 but also at S28. The level of S28 phosphoryla ...
... 2A (PP2A) (Sugiyama et al., 2002) regulate Aurora B kinase activation while MKlp2 controls Aurora B localization in anaphase (Gruneberg et al., 2004). Regarding mitotic chromosome condensation, Aurora B directly phosphorylates histone H3, not only at S10 but also at S28. The level of S28 phosphoryla ...
Chromosome organization and dynamics during
... Copyright © 2011 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. ...
... Copyright © 2011 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. ...
Chromosome Organization and Dynamics during Interphase, Mitosis
... dynamics not only address questions of how chromosomes behave and what mechanisms control this behavior but also examine how chromosome organization and dynamics affect gene expression and genome maintenance. A number of important studies on chromosome organization and dynamics have been conducted i ...
... dynamics not only address questions of how chromosomes behave and what mechanisms control this behavior but also examine how chromosome organization and dynamics affect gene expression and genome maintenance. A number of important studies on chromosome organization and dynamics have been conducted i ...
Distinct roles of doublecortin modulating the microtubule cytoskeleton.
... examined kinesin motion along doublecortinstabilised tracks and found, surprisingly, that doublecortin binding did not prevent walking by kinesin motors. This means that cellular transport can occur along doublecortin microtubules and, significantly, that cellular transport will probably be disrupte ...
... examined kinesin motion along doublecortinstabilised tracks and found, surprisingly, that doublecortin binding did not prevent walking by kinesin motors. This means that cellular transport can occur along doublecortin microtubules and, significantly, that cellular transport will probably be disrupte ...
Chromosome Organization and Dynamics during Interphase, Mitosis
... dynamics not only address questions of how chromosomes behave and what mechanisms control this behavior but also examine how chromosome organization and dynamics affect gene expression and genome maintenance. A number of important studies on chromosome organization and dynamics have been conducted i ...
... dynamics not only address questions of how chromosomes behave and what mechanisms control this behavior but also examine how chromosome organization and dynamics affect gene expression and genome maintenance. A number of important studies on chromosome organization and dynamics have been conducted i ...
Two Microtubule-Associated Proteins of the
... crisscrossed with each other, and very little if any bundling phenomenon was observed (Fig. 2D). These individual microtubules were brought together by the AtMAP65-6-induced crisscrosses to form a dense mesh-like network (Fig. 2C). To test whether such a dense microtubule network was indeed induced ...
... crisscrossed with each other, and very little if any bundling phenomenon was observed (Fig. 2D). These individual microtubules were brought together by the AtMAP65-6-induced crisscrosses to form a dense mesh-like network (Fig. 2C). To test whether such a dense microtubule network was indeed induced ...
Kinetochore
The kinetochore /kɪˈnɛtəkɔər/ is the protein structure on chromatids where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart.The kinetochore forms in eukaryotes, assembles on the centromere and links the chromosome to microtubule polymers from the mitotic spindle during mitosis and meiosis.""Monocentric"" organisms, including vertebrates, fungi, and most plants, have a single centromeric region on each chromosome which assembles one kinetochore. ""Holocentric"" organisms, such as nematodes and some plants, assemble a kinetochore along the entire length of a chromosome.The kinetochore contains two regions: an inner kinetochore, which is tightly associated with the centromere DNA, assembled in a specialized form of chromatin persistent throughout the cell cycle; an outer kinetochore, which interacts with microtubules; the outer kinetochore is a very dynamic structure, with many identical components, which are assembled and functional only during cell division.Kinetochores start, control and supervise the striking movements of chromosomes during cell division. During mitosis, which occurs after chromosomes are duplicated during S phase, two sister chromatids are held together each with its own kinetochore which face in opposing directions and attach to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle. Following the transition from metaphase to anaphase, the sister chromatids separate from each other, and the individual kinetochores on each chromatid drive their movement to the spindle poles that will define the two new daughter cells. Thus, the kinetochore is essential for the chromosome segregation that is classically associated with mitosis and meiosis.Even the simplest kinetochores consist of more than 19 different proteins. Many of these proteins are conserved between eukaryotic species, including a specialized histone H3 variant (called CENP-A or CenH3) which helps the kinetochore associate with DNA. Other proteins in the kinetochore attach it to the microtubules (MTs) of the mitotic spindle. There are also motor proteins, including both dynein and kinesin, which generate forces that move chromosomes during mitosis. Other proteins, such as MAD2 monitor the microtubule attachment as well as the tension between sister kinetochores and activate the spindle checkpoint to arrest the cell cycle when either of these is absent.In summary, kinetochore functions include anchoring of chromosomes to MTs in the spindle, verification of anchoring, activation of the spindle checkpoint and participation in force generation to propel chromosome movement during cell division.On the other hand, MTs are metastable polymers made of α- and β-tubulin, alternating between growing and shrinking phases, a phenomenon known as ""dynamic instability"". MTs are highly dynamic structures, whose behavior is integrated with kinetochore function to control chromosome movement and segregation.