Localization of the mei-1 Gene Product of
... mitosis after meiosis is completed. This highlights a unique problem in spindle morphogenesis faced by the fertilized embryo: the same cytoplasm must support two very different types of division, often within a short time of one another. Parts of the regulatory network that confines mei-1 activity t ...
... mitosis after meiosis is completed. This highlights a unique problem in spindle morphogenesis faced by the fertilized embryo: the same cytoplasm must support two very different types of division, often within a short time of one another. Parts of the regulatory network that confines mei-1 activity t ...
Contribution of microtubule growth polarity and flux to spindle
... mutually exclusive for achieving bipolarity, as laser ablation (Khodjakov et al., 2000), genetic perturbation (Bonaccorsi et al., 1998) or displacement of centrosomes (Rebollo et al., 2004), as well as the absence of kinetochores (Heald et al., 1996) all induce the self-assembly pathway for spindle ...
... mutually exclusive for achieving bipolarity, as laser ablation (Khodjakov et al., 2000), genetic perturbation (Bonaccorsi et al., 1998) or displacement of centrosomes (Rebollo et al., 2004), as well as the absence of kinetochores (Heald et al., 1996) all induce the self-assembly pathway for spindle ...
Calmodulin-binding protein disrupts mitosis
... the Drosophila gene abnormal spindle (asp). These data suggest that calmodulin-binding protein(s) are important in the co-ordination of mitotic spindle functions with mitotic entry in fission yeast, and probably also in multicellular eukaryotes. ...
... the Drosophila gene abnormal spindle (asp). These data suggest that calmodulin-binding protein(s) are important in the co-ordination of mitotic spindle functions with mitotic entry in fission yeast, and probably also in multicellular eukaryotes. ...
Live Imaging of Drosophila Brain Neuroblasts Reveals a Role for
... mitosis: first promoting centrosome separation and bipolar spindle assembly during prophase/prometaphase, and subsequently generating interkinetochore tension and transporting checkpoint proteins off kinetochores during metaphase, thus promoting timely anaphase onset. Furthermore, we show that Lis1/ ...
... mitosis: first promoting centrosome separation and bipolar spindle assembly during prophase/prometaphase, and subsequently generating interkinetochore tension and transporting checkpoint proteins off kinetochores during metaphase, thus promoting timely anaphase onset. Furthermore, we show that Lis1/ ...
Chromosome organization and dynamics in plants
... hypothesized to facilitate DNA sequence-based recognition of chromosome homology [24]. However, the SEIbased interactions are rather short-distance and other mechanisms are likely to exist that bring chromosomes first to a close proximity [24]. Moreover, mechanisms that coordinate pairing interactio ...
... hypothesized to facilitate DNA sequence-based recognition of chromosome homology [24]. However, the SEIbased interactions are rather short-distance and other mechanisms are likely to exist that bring chromosomes first to a close proximity [24]. Moreover, mechanisms that coordinate pairing interactio ...
Midbodies and phragmoplasts: analogous structures
... elegans, extensive ER structures have also been shown to be associated with the spindle [12,13]. The extent of Golgi membranes in these systems has not been explored and might predominantly be associated with the ER during this time. In mammalian tissue-culture cells, spindleassociated Golgi has bee ...
... elegans, extensive ER structures have also been shown to be associated with the spindle [12,13]. The extent of Golgi membranes in these systems has not been explored and might predominantly be associated with the ER during this time. In mammalian tissue-culture cells, spindleassociated Golgi has bee ...
Irregular organization in the human chromosomes - SPring-8
... Irregular organization in the human chromosomes revealed by X-ray scattering How is a long strand of DNA organized in the cell? In molecular biology textbooks, we often find a typical figure (Fig. 1(a)). To begin with, DNA is wrapped around histones and forms a "nucleosome" (10-nm fiber) structure. ...
... Irregular organization in the human chromosomes revealed by X-ray scattering How is a long strand of DNA organized in the cell? In molecular biology textbooks, we often find a typical figure (Fig. 1(a)). To begin with, DNA is wrapped around histones and forms a "nucleosome" (10-nm fiber) structure. ...
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Multiple-Choice Questions
... Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The centromere is a region in which A) chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase. B) metaphase chromosomes become aligned at the metaphase plate. C) chromosomes are grouped during telophase. D) the nucleus is located prior to mito ...
... Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The centromere is a region in which A) chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase. B) metaphase chromosomes become aligned at the metaphase plate. C) chromosomes are grouped during telophase. D) the nucleus is located prior to mito ...
The centrosome orientation checkpoint is germline stem cell specific
... presence of colcemid for up to 6 h. We confirmed that colcemid treatment of testes results in depolymerization of MTs, eliminating characteristic MT structures such as cytoplasmic asters and mitotic spindles (supplementary material Fig. S1A,B). This treatment did not change the number of GSCs (suppl ...
... presence of colcemid for up to 6 h. We confirmed that colcemid treatment of testes results in depolymerization of MTs, eliminating characteristic MT structures such as cytoplasmic asters and mitotic spindles (supplementary material Fig. S1A,B). This treatment did not change the number of GSCs (suppl ...
Characterization and Dynamics of Cytoplasmic F
... was arrested and polar microtubules depolymerized, a loose network configuration with comparable meshes was observed both at the pole and around the spindle area. During cytochalasin B and D treatments in anaphase, chromosome movements were not inhibited. Even at a concentration of 10 ~tg/ml cytocha ...
... was arrested and polar microtubules depolymerized, a loose network configuration with comparable meshes was observed both at the pole and around the spindle area. During cytochalasin B and D treatments in anaphase, chromosome movements were not inhibited. Even at a concentration of 10 ~tg/ml cytocha ...
Publizieren ist ein essentieller Bestandteil des wissenschaftlichen
... study. One sentence summarising the main result (with the words “here we show” or their ...
... study. One sentence summarising the main result (with the words “here we show” or their ...
ATK1 is required for male meiotic spindle
... 2402 C. Chen and others typically move towards to the minus end of microtubules, whereas some members with an internal motor domain may affect microtubule stability. Non-motor flanking region(s) of kinesins are highly diverged and are thought to have a variety of functions, including organelle tran ...
... 2402 C. Chen and others typically move towards to the minus end of microtubules, whereas some members with an internal motor domain may affect microtubule stability. Non-motor flanking region(s) of kinesins are highly diverged and are thought to have a variety of functions, including organelle tran ...
Shaping the metaphase chromosome: coordination of cohesion and
... The function of condensin is tightly regulated during the cell cycle by multiple mechanisms that appear to vary among different organisms. The first mechanism concerns nuclear import. In S. pombe, Cdc2-dependent phosphorylation of a condensin subunit mediates the mitosis-specific accumulation of the ...
... The function of condensin is tightly regulated during the cell cycle by multiple mechanisms that appear to vary among different organisms. The first mechanism concerns nuclear import. In S. pombe, Cdc2-dependent phosphorylation of a condensin subunit mediates the mitosis-specific accumulation of the ...
chromosomes
... microtubules and associated proteins It controls chromosome movement during mitosis In animal cells, assembly of spindle microtubules begins in the centrosome, a type of microtubule organizing center ...
... microtubules and associated proteins It controls chromosome movement during mitosis In animal cells, assembly of spindle microtubules begins in the centrosome, a type of microtubule organizing center ...
Gene Section MAPRE1 (Microtubule-associated protein, RP/EB family, member 1)
... dynamically convert between growth (polymerization) and shrinkage (depolymerization). The transition from growth to shrinkage is called catastrophe, while the conversion from shrinkage to growth is called rescue. Microtubules also pause in their polymerization. EB1 reduces these pauses and reduces t ...
... dynamically convert between growth (polymerization) and shrinkage (depolymerization). The transition from growth to shrinkage is called catastrophe, while the conversion from shrinkage to growth is called rescue. Microtubules also pause in their polymerization. EB1 reduces these pauses and reduces t ...
PDF
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aurora/Ipl1 was also originally found in a genetic screen, in this case designed to identify factors required for correct chromosome segregation (Chan and Botstein, 1993). A careful phenotypical analysis of ipl1 mutants revealed that while sister chromatid separation was nor ...
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aurora/Ipl1 was also originally found in a genetic screen, in this case designed to identify factors required for correct chromosome segregation (Chan and Botstein, 1993). A careful phenotypical analysis of ipl1 mutants revealed that while sister chromatid separation was nor ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... chromosome is frequent because of the palindromic sequences at the ends heterochromatic Yq12, site of recombination [15]. Moreover, this distal portion is full of fragile sites characterized by AT sequences interspaced by Alu repetitive sequences. In our case we found two isodicentric Y, resulting f ...
... chromosome is frequent because of the palindromic sequences at the ends heterochromatic Yq12, site of recombination [15]. Moreover, this distal portion is full of fragile sites characterized by AT sequences interspaced by Alu repetitive sequences. In our case we found two isodicentric Y, resulting f ...
the far c-terminus of tpx2 contributes to spindle morphogenesis
... (Mayer et al., 1998; Ferenz et al., 2009). Therefore, a clear balance of force exists within the mitotic spindle that is interdependent on plus-end and minus-end directed motors (Saunders & Hoyt, 1992). In interphase mammalian cells, microtubules emanate from a common microtubule-organizing center ( ...
... (Mayer et al., 1998; Ferenz et al., 2009). Therefore, a clear balance of force exists within the mitotic spindle that is interdependent on plus-end and minus-end directed motors (Saunders & Hoyt, 1992). In interphase mammalian cells, microtubules emanate from a common microtubule-organizing center ( ...
cell cycle
... The mitotic spindle is a structure made of microtubules and associated proteins ...
... The mitotic spindle is a structure made of microtubules and associated proteins ...
Secured cutting: controlling separase at the metaphase to anaphase
... chromosomes to the mitotic spindle (Figure 2A; reviewed in Clarke and Gimenez-Abian, 2000). Unattached kinetochores send a signal via Mad2 that keeps the APC/C inactive, potentially through the binding of Mad2 to the APC/C activator Cdc20/Fizzy. Indeed, the budding yeast securin, Pds1, had initially ...
... chromosomes to the mitotic spindle (Figure 2A; reviewed in Clarke and Gimenez-Abian, 2000). Unattached kinetochores send a signal via Mad2 that keeps the APC/C inactive, potentially through the binding of Mad2 to the APC/C activator Cdc20/Fizzy. Indeed, the budding yeast securin, Pds1, had initially ...
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... 14) How many haploid sets of chromosomes are present in a diploid individual cell with a chromosome number of 46? 32? Answer: 2; 2 Section: 2.3 15) How many haploid sets of chromosomes are present in an individual cell that is tetraploid (4n)? Answer: 4 Section: 2.3 16) In which stage of the cell cy ...
... 14) How many haploid sets of chromosomes are present in a diploid individual cell with a chromosome number of 46? 32? Answer: 2; 2 Section: 2.3 15) How many haploid sets of chromosomes are present in an individual cell that is tetraploid (4n)? Answer: 4 Section: 2.3 16) In which stage of the cell cy ...
eXtra Botany - Journal of Experimental Botany
... regulates the transition from interphase to mitotic microtubules. Another ‘controller’ could be acetylated tubulin, which interacts preferentially with kinesin-1 and dynein (Fukushima et al., 2009) and is localized at the poles of the plant mitotic spindle (Smertenko et al., 1997). Speculatively, ac ...
... regulates the transition from interphase to mitotic microtubules. Another ‘controller’ could be acetylated tubulin, which interacts preferentially with kinesin-1 and dynein (Fukushima et al., 2009) and is localized at the poles of the plant mitotic spindle (Smertenko et al., 1997). Speculatively, ac ...
Microtubules
... The minus end of a-tubulin may contribute an essential residue to the catalytic site of b-tubulin. Thus the minus end of an a subunit may serve as GAP (GTPase activating protein) for b-tubulin of the adjacent dimer in a protofilament. A homologous bacterial protein FtsZ is considered the ancestor of ...
... The minus end of a-tubulin may contribute an essential residue to the catalytic site of b-tubulin. Thus the minus end of an a subunit may serve as GAP (GTPase activating protein) for b-tubulin of the adjacent dimer in a protofilament. A homologous bacterial protein FtsZ is considered the ancestor of ...
Kinetochore
The kinetochore /kɪˈnɛtəkɔər/ is the protein structure on chromatids where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart.The kinetochore forms in eukaryotes, assembles on the centromere and links the chromosome to microtubule polymers from the mitotic spindle during mitosis and meiosis.""Monocentric"" organisms, including vertebrates, fungi, and most plants, have a single centromeric region on each chromosome which assembles one kinetochore. ""Holocentric"" organisms, such as nematodes and some plants, assemble a kinetochore along the entire length of a chromosome.The kinetochore contains two regions: an inner kinetochore, which is tightly associated with the centromere DNA, assembled in a specialized form of chromatin persistent throughout the cell cycle; an outer kinetochore, which interacts with microtubules; the outer kinetochore is a very dynamic structure, with many identical components, which are assembled and functional only during cell division.Kinetochores start, control and supervise the striking movements of chromosomes during cell division. During mitosis, which occurs after chromosomes are duplicated during S phase, two sister chromatids are held together each with its own kinetochore which face in opposing directions and attach to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle. Following the transition from metaphase to anaphase, the sister chromatids separate from each other, and the individual kinetochores on each chromatid drive their movement to the spindle poles that will define the two new daughter cells. Thus, the kinetochore is essential for the chromosome segregation that is classically associated with mitosis and meiosis.Even the simplest kinetochores consist of more than 19 different proteins. Many of these proteins are conserved between eukaryotic species, including a specialized histone H3 variant (called CENP-A or CenH3) which helps the kinetochore associate with DNA. Other proteins in the kinetochore attach it to the microtubules (MTs) of the mitotic spindle. There are also motor proteins, including both dynein and kinesin, which generate forces that move chromosomes during mitosis. Other proteins, such as MAD2 monitor the microtubule attachment as well as the tension between sister kinetochores and activate the spindle checkpoint to arrest the cell cycle when either of these is absent.In summary, kinetochore functions include anchoring of chromosomes to MTs in the spindle, verification of anchoring, activation of the spindle checkpoint and participation in force generation to propel chromosome movement during cell division.On the other hand, MTs are metastable polymers made of α- and β-tubulin, alternating between growing and shrinking phases, a phenomenon known as ""dynamic instability"". MTs are highly dynamic structures, whose behavior is integrated with kinetochore function to control chromosome movement and segregation.