Microtubule reorganization during mitosis and cytokinesis: lessons
... upon pollen germination. The asymmetrical pollen mitosis I is preceded by migration of the microspore nucleus toward the cell cortex (McCormick, 1993). This mitotic event, as in other reproductive cells, does not present a preprophase band (PPB) MT array. Upon the breakdown of the nuclear envelope, ...
... upon pollen germination. The asymmetrical pollen mitosis I is preceded by migration of the microspore nucleus toward the cell cortex (McCormick, 1993). This mitotic event, as in other reproductive cells, does not present a preprophase band (PPB) MT array. Upon the breakdown of the nuclear envelope, ...
Centrosome Dynamics during the Meiotic Progression in the Mouse
... Because of their microtubule nucleating capacity, centrosomes are responsible for many functions, such as the organization of the interphase cytoskeleton and cytoplasm and the formation of the mitotic spindle. Centrosomes are known to participate in the location of the cleavage furrow during cytokin ...
... Because of their microtubule nucleating capacity, centrosomes are responsible for many functions, such as the organization of the interphase cytoskeleton and cytoplasm and the formation of the mitotic spindle. Centrosomes are known to participate in the location of the cleavage furrow during cytokin ...
Nuclear -Tubulin during Acentriolar Plant Mitosis
... 1998). In plant mitosis, which is acentriolar as well, the nuclear envelope was shown to be an important site for microtubule nucleation during the late G2 stage of the cell cycle (Stoppin et al., 1996). After the breakdown of the nuclear envelope, the metaphase spindle is formed predominantly by ki ...
... 1998). In plant mitosis, which is acentriolar as well, the nuclear envelope was shown to be an important site for microtubule nucleation during the late G2 stage of the cell cycle (Stoppin et al., 1996). After the breakdown of the nuclear envelope, the metaphase spindle is formed predominantly by ki ...
final1-fp7-people-ief-2015-huber-final-report-02
... During the course of this project we further realized that the very fundamental behavior of MTs in the presence but also the absence of obstacles is still far from being understood on a mechanistic level. To uncouple the MT dynamics from further protein interactions we focused on data that was obtai ...
... During the course of this project we further realized that the very fundamental behavior of MTs in the presence but also the absence of obstacles is still far from being understood on a mechanistic level. To uncouple the MT dynamics from further protein interactions we focused on data that was obtai ...
The Kip3-Like Kinesin KipB Moves along Microtubules and
... disruption of kipB demonstrated that it is not essential for vegetative growth. kipB mutant strains were resistant to high concentrations of the microtubule-destabilizing drug benomyl, suggesting that KipB destabilizes microtubules. kipB mutations caused a failure of spindle positioning in the cell, ...
... disruption of kipB demonstrated that it is not essential for vegetative growth. kipB mutant strains were resistant to high concentrations of the microtubule-destabilizing drug benomyl, suggesting that KipB destabilizes microtubules. kipB mutations caused a failure of spindle positioning in the cell, ...
The Ndc80p Complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Contains
... with a PCR fragment followed by homologous recombination (Bahler et al., 1998), in either a wt strain IH365 (Bridge et al., 1998) or JPJ415 (Bernard et al., 1998) which has HA-tagged Bub1. Strains were checked by Southern blotting and backcrossing to show 2:2 segregation of the kanamycin and other m ...
... with a PCR fragment followed by homologous recombination (Bahler et al., 1998), in either a wt strain IH365 (Bridge et al., 1998) or JPJ415 (Bernard et al., 1998) which has HA-tagged Bub1. Strains were checked by Southern blotting and backcrossing to show 2:2 segregation of the kanamycin and other m ...
Lesson 15d Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis LP
... Teaching Plan and Strategy / Presentation of New Material Present new material using PowerPoint Presentation titled “Mitosis and Meiosis” ...
... Teaching Plan and Strategy / Presentation of New Material Present new material using PowerPoint Presentation titled “Mitosis and Meiosis” ...
The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction
... Sister chromatids (two strands of genetically identical chromosomes) Attached together at a single point (called centromere) ...
... Sister chromatids (two strands of genetically identical chromosomes) Attached together at a single point (called centromere) ...
Synthetic Physical Interactions Map Kinetochore
... there is a precedent for checkpoint activation via kinetochore-independent clustering of the Aurora kinase (Campbell and Desai 2013). Therefore, we hypothesized that associations of a checkpoint protein with a variety of cellular proteins could potentially activate the SAC. However, more specifically ...
... there is a precedent for checkpoint activation via kinetochore-independent clustering of the Aurora kinase (Campbell and Desai 2013). Therefore, we hypothesized that associations of a checkpoint protein with a variety of cellular proteins could potentially activate the SAC. However, more specifically ...
Forces Produced by Protofilament Curls Nucleotide Preference for End Binding Proteins
... • GTPγS microtubules had brighter tips than GTP microtubules • EB3 showed the greatest binding affinity at the tip for both microtubule types • EB2 showed the greatest binding affinity for GTPγS microtubul ...
... • GTPγS microtubules had brighter tips than GTP microtubules • EB3 showed the greatest binding affinity at the tip for both microtubule types • EB2 showed the greatest binding affinity for GTPγS microtubul ...
Minus End-Directed Kinesin-Like Motor Protein
... minus-end MT motor [Hatsumi and Endow, 1992a,b; Endow et al., 1994]. Thus, even in the absence of a centrosome at the spindle poles, proper chromosome segregation is related to the convergence of spindle MTs and is precisely controlled. The majority of angiosperms have a clearly different spindle or ...
... minus-end MT motor [Hatsumi and Endow, 1992a,b; Endow et al., 1994]. Thus, even in the absence of a centrosome at the spindle poles, proper chromosome segregation is related to the convergence of spindle MTs and is precisely controlled. The majority of angiosperms have a clearly different spindle or ...
Karyotypes
... • Chromosomal mutation: mutation that changes the number or structure of chromosomes (entire genes not just bases are changed). – Deletion: The loss of all or part of a chromosome – Duplication: A segment of the chromosome is repeated – Inversion: part of the chromosome is reverse from its usual dir ...
... • Chromosomal mutation: mutation that changes the number or structure of chromosomes (entire genes not just bases are changed). – Deletion: The loss of all or part of a chromosome – Duplication: A segment of the chromosome is repeated – Inversion: part of the chromosome is reverse from its usual dir ...
The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction
... Sister chromatids (two strands of genetically identical chromosomes) Attached together at a single point (called centromere) ...
... Sister chromatids (two strands of genetically identical chromosomes) Attached together at a single point (called centromere) ...
Immunofluorescence analysis of diazepam
... potently and specifically binds to polymerized F-actin. Chromatin was counterstained for 10 min with 0.2 u.g/ml 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and slides mounted in fluorescence antifade (Vectashield; Vector Laboratories). Dynein staining Staining was performed according to Steurer et al. (199 ...
... potently and specifically binds to polymerized F-actin. Chromatin was counterstained for 10 min with 0.2 u.g/ml 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and slides mounted in fluorescence antifade (Vectashield; Vector Laboratories). Dynein staining Staining was performed according to Steurer et al. (199 ...
Main text Introduction Mitosis (Gk. Mitos – warp thread or fiber and
... is a dynamic process. It seems to involve a search and capture mechanism, in which microtubules radiated from each of the rapidly separating centrosomes grow outside toward the chromosomes. Microtubules that attach to a centromere become stabilized, so that they no longer undergo catastrophes. They ...
... is a dynamic process. It seems to involve a search and capture mechanism, in which microtubules radiated from each of the rapidly separating centrosomes grow outside toward the chromosomes. Microtubules that attach to a centromere become stabilized, so that they no longer undergo catastrophes. They ...
Karyotype - Alvinisd.net
... What are chromosome abnormalities? There are many types of chromosome abnormalities. However, they can be organized into two basic groups: 1. Numerical Abnormalities 2. Structural Abnormalities ...
... What are chromosome abnormalities? There are many types of chromosome abnormalities. However, they can be organized into two basic groups: 1. Numerical Abnormalities 2. Structural Abnormalities ...
BI0I 121 cell and tissues
... READ: Regulation of the cell cycle (SBM p221-223) 1. General strategy of cell cycle control. 2. Molecular mechanisms of cell cycle control. - the G2 check point. - the G1 check point. - the M checkpoint 3. Controlling the cell cycle in multicellular eukaryotes. 4. Growth factors and the cell cycle. ...
... READ: Regulation of the cell cycle (SBM p221-223) 1. General strategy of cell cycle control. 2. Molecular mechanisms of cell cycle control. - the G2 check point. - the G1 check point. - the M checkpoint 3. Controlling the cell cycle in multicellular eukaryotes. 4. Growth factors and the cell cycle. ...
Cell Behaviour 2 - Cell Shape and Movement Anil Chopra Describe
... -tubulin has a bound GTP that does not hydrolyse. -tubulin has a bound GTP or GDP. The bound GTP can be hydrolysed, releasing Pi. GDP can be released and exchanged for GTP Polymerisation Occurs in 2 stages: Nucleation: an α and β tubulin monomer join to form a heterodimer. They also need, Mg2+ and ...
... -tubulin has a bound GTP that does not hydrolyse. -tubulin has a bound GTP or GDP. The bound GTP can be hydrolysed, releasing Pi. GDP can be released and exchanged for GTP Polymerisation Occurs in 2 stages: Nucleation: an α and β tubulin monomer join to form a heterodimer. They also need, Mg2+ and ...
Meiosis Flip Project Lena Wachs
... The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes and genetic variation. After meiosis, there are four haploids, each with different sets of chromosomes. This increases the genetic variation which allows for evolution and the adaptation of organisms to different environments and for sexual reproduction t ...
... The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes and genetic variation. After meiosis, there are four haploids, each with different sets of chromosomes. This increases the genetic variation which allows for evolution and the adaptation of organisms to different environments and for sexual reproduction t ...
Cell division - MrMcKennaBiologyPage
... What type of cell is this? Animal or plant Animal Describe what is happening Cytoplasm dividing by tucking in. ...
... What type of cell is this? Animal or plant Animal Describe what is happening Cytoplasm dividing by tucking in. ...
MB207_15 - MB207Jan2010
... cells) that associate laterally to form a 24nm wide hollow cylinder. • Different polymerization rates at two ends: → In each protofilament, the heterodimers are oriented with their β-tubulin monomer pointing towards the faster-growing end (plus end) and their α-tubulin monomer exposed at the slower- ...
... cells) that associate laterally to form a 24nm wide hollow cylinder. • Different polymerization rates at two ends: → In each protofilament, the heterodimers are oriented with their β-tubulin monomer pointing towards the faster-growing end (plus end) and their α-tubulin monomer exposed at the slower- ...
pdf - Biotium
... MTS (methanethiosulfonate) reagents were first developed by Dr. Arthur Karlin and colleagues as powerful tools to probe the structures and functions of proteins, particularly membrane proteins such as ion channels. The reagents selectively and rapidly react with thiols (sulfhydryls) to form a disulf ...
... MTS (methanethiosulfonate) reagents were first developed by Dr. Arthur Karlin and colleagues as powerful tools to probe the structures and functions of proteins, particularly membrane proteins such as ion channels. The reagents selectively and rapidly react with thiols (sulfhydryls) to form a disulf ...
Determinants of Drosophila zw10 protein localization and function
... The end result of mitosis is the equal apportionment of sister chromatids to two daughter cells. To avoid the deleterious consequences of aneuploidy, the movements of chromosomes and their interactions with the mitotic apparatus must be coordinated precisely in space and in time. One strategy to ide ...
... The end result of mitosis is the equal apportionment of sister chromatids to two daughter cells. To avoid the deleterious consequences of aneuploidy, the movements of chromosomes and their interactions with the mitotic apparatus must be coordinated precisely in space and in time. One strategy to ide ...
Kinetochore
The kinetochore /kɪˈnɛtəkɔər/ is the protein structure on chromatids where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart.The kinetochore forms in eukaryotes, assembles on the centromere and links the chromosome to microtubule polymers from the mitotic spindle during mitosis and meiosis.""Monocentric"" organisms, including vertebrates, fungi, and most plants, have a single centromeric region on each chromosome which assembles one kinetochore. ""Holocentric"" organisms, such as nematodes and some plants, assemble a kinetochore along the entire length of a chromosome.The kinetochore contains two regions: an inner kinetochore, which is tightly associated with the centromere DNA, assembled in a specialized form of chromatin persistent throughout the cell cycle; an outer kinetochore, which interacts with microtubules; the outer kinetochore is a very dynamic structure, with many identical components, which are assembled and functional only during cell division.Kinetochores start, control and supervise the striking movements of chromosomes during cell division. During mitosis, which occurs after chromosomes are duplicated during S phase, two sister chromatids are held together each with its own kinetochore which face in opposing directions and attach to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle. Following the transition from metaphase to anaphase, the sister chromatids separate from each other, and the individual kinetochores on each chromatid drive their movement to the spindle poles that will define the two new daughter cells. Thus, the kinetochore is essential for the chromosome segregation that is classically associated with mitosis and meiosis.Even the simplest kinetochores consist of more than 19 different proteins. Many of these proteins are conserved between eukaryotic species, including a specialized histone H3 variant (called CENP-A or CenH3) which helps the kinetochore associate with DNA. Other proteins in the kinetochore attach it to the microtubules (MTs) of the mitotic spindle. There are also motor proteins, including both dynein and kinesin, which generate forces that move chromosomes during mitosis. Other proteins, such as MAD2 monitor the microtubule attachment as well as the tension between sister kinetochores and activate the spindle checkpoint to arrest the cell cycle when either of these is absent.In summary, kinetochore functions include anchoring of chromosomes to MTs in the spindle, verification of anchoring, activation of the spindle checkpoint and participation in force generation to propel chromosome movement during cell division.On the other hand, MTs are metastable polymers made of α- and β-tubulin, alternating between growing and shrinking phases, a phenomenon known as ""dynamic instability"". MTs are highly dynamic structures, whose behavior is integrated with kinetochore function to control chromosome movement and segregation.