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Transcript
Transport Chapter 9 How does stuff get in and out of a cell through the cell membrane? Bilayer Which one? Freeze Fluid Mosaic Model Cell Membrane Controls what enters & leaves the cell Only certain kinds of molecules can go across = SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE ____________________ (Semi-permeable) How do molecules move? All molecules will move automatically from a region of ______ HIGH concentration to a region of ______concentration. LOW DIFFUSION _______________ What if the HIGH and LOW places are on different sides of a cell membrane? Molecules will still go from HIGH to LOW if the cell membrane will let them through! PROBLEM WITH CELLS What if a cell needs a molecule that can’t pass through the cell membrane easily? Need a way to move molecules across that can’t go by DIFFUSION Carrier Proteins : _____________________________ INTEGRAL PROTEINS that help molecules go across Vesicles : _______________ Small membrane sacs that carry molecules 2 KINDS of TRANSPORT • ______________ PASSIVE TRANSPORT Does NOT require energy ACTIVE • _____________ TRANSPORT Requires energy Some molecules can just pass right through the bilayer using DIFFUSION EXAMPLE: oxygen, ___________________ carbon dioxide Carrier Proteins PASSIVE TRANSPORT • Diffusion • Osmosis • Facilitated Diffusion DIFFUSION OSMOSIS • When water molecules move across membrane from HIGH to LOW it is called OSMOSIS ___________________ FACILITATED DIFFUSION FACILITATED DIFFUSION PASSIVE (No energy needed) HIGHER TO LOWER CARRIER PROTEINS GRAB & FLIP IT ACROSS GLUCOSE EXAMPLE: _________________ PROBLEM WITH CELLS What if cell needs to move from LOW to HIGH? What if cell needs to move it fast and not wait? ENERGY IF YOU NEED TO ADD __________ WANT A MOLECULE TO MOVE IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION IT NATURALLY GOES! What organelle supplies the energy? ACTIVE TRANSPORT •Na+-K+ Pump (Carrier Protein) •Exocytosis •Endocytosis CARRIER PROTEINS SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP (Carrier Protein) • ACTIVE (Uses energy) • USES CARRIER PROTEIN • Special just for Na+ and K + ions • Examples in cells: 3 Na+ are pumped out of cells at same time 2 K + are taken into cells ENDOCYTOSIS Brings substances into cell • ACTIVE • VESICLES CARRY MOLECULES INTO CELL – Fluid, molecules = Pinocytosis – large particles or whole cells = Phagocytosis • Examples in cells: – one celled organisms eat this way – white blood cells destroy bacteria this way Endocytosis EXOCYTOSIS Substances are released outside of cell • ACTIVE • VESICLES CARRY & RELEASE MOLECULES • Examples in cells: –GOLGI BODIES release packaged proteins Exocytosis INSIDE CELL OUTSIDE CELL VESICLES 3 Types of OSMOSIS OSMOSIS ISOTONIC: EQUALS Concentration outside cell ____________ concentration inside cell Water entering = water leaving STAYS THE SAME SIZE so cell _____________________ OSMOSIS HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is GREATER THAN inside cell ____________________ More water leaves cell than enters so cell shrinks ______________________ = PLASMOLYSIS OSMOSIS HYPOTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ________________ LESS THAN inside the cell More water enters than leaves cell so cell = CYTOLYSIS expands and can burst ___________________ Animal cells Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic Plant cells Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic IS IT ISO, HYPO, or HYPER? THE END
