Download Intro to Cells - Ms. Fuller's Biology Class

INTRO TO CELLS &
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Unit 3 – The Cell
Review
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What is a cell?
 A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions.
One of the characteristics of life is being made up
of units called cells.
 Organisms may be:
 Unicellular: made of 1 cell
 Multicellular: made of many specialized cells
Who saw them first?
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Robert Hooke in
1665, was the first
person to use the word
"cell" to identify
microscopic structures
when he was
describing cork.
Background
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek :
 Father of Microbiology, created the first microscope.
Matthias Schleiden ( 1830’s)
 All plants are composed of cells.
Theodor Schwann (1831)
 All animals are made of cells.
Rudolf Virchow (1858)
 Found that every cell comes from a pre-existing cell.
Cell Theory
1. All organism are made up of cells
2. A cell is the structural and functional unit of organs
and ultimately, organisms.
3. Cells are capable of self – reproduction and cells
come only from pre-existing cells
Cell Types
Prokaryotic
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No Nucleus
Eukaryotic
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Nucleus
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic similarities
Prokaryotic
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Vesicles
DNA present
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Eukaryotic
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Vesicles
DNA present
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Cell wall (some)
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic differences
Prokaryotic
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NO nucleus
No membrane bound
organelles (mitochondria,
lysosomes, ER, gogi body
etc.)
No chromosomes
(plasmids)
No chloroplast (chlorophyll
scattered in cell)
Unicellular
~1-10 um
Eukaryotic
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Nucleus
Membrane bound
organelles (mitochondria,
lysosomes, ER, gogi body
etc.)
Chromosomes
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Chloroplast (some)
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Mostly multicellular
~10-100 um
Prokaryotic Cell Parts
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Flagellum – move the bacterium in a fluid medium
Cytoplasm – a semifluid medium that make up the majority of the
cell
Ribosomes – responsible for making proteins
Nucleiod – where the DNA is located
Capsule – gelationous sheath called a slime layer that surrounds the
cell wall
Cell Well – gives the cell its shape
Plasma Membrane – regulates the movement of molecules into and
out of the cytoplasm.
Plasmid – external single DNA molecule
Pili – hairlike structure used in bacterial conjugation (sharing of
genetic material.
Prokaryotic Cell Parts