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16 October
Define the following:
Diffusion –
Passive transport –
Concentration gradient –
Osmosis –
Facilitated diffusion –
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qqsf_UJcfBc
http://classroom.sdmesa.edu/eschmid/C
hapter3-Zoo145.htm
Study Guide Sections, Pages & Questions
3.2 (pages 23 & 24) 4 – 8, 9 – 15
3.3 (pages 25 & 26) 6 – 9, 11 and 16
3.4 (pages 27 & 28) 1 and 2, 9 – 13
3.5 ( pages 29 & 30) 1,2,3, & 6, 7 and 8 plus
the “Y” diagram.
KEY CONCEPT Materials move across membranes
because of concentration differences.
Passive transport does not require energy input from a
cell.
• Passive transport: the movement of molecules across the cell
membrane without energy input from the cell.
• There are two types of
passive transport.
• diffusion
• osmosis
Diffusion and osmosis are types of passive
transport.
• Molecules diffuse down a
concentration gradient (from higher
concentration to lower concentration).
Diffusion and osmosis are types of passive
transport.
• Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a
semipermeable membrane.
Cell membranes are composed of two phospholipid layers.
The cell membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer.
cell membrane
Cell membranes are composed of two phospholipid layers.
The cell membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer.
There are other molecules embedded in the membrane.
cell membrane
carbohydrate
chain
cholesterol
protein
protein channel
protein
Cell membranes are composed of two phospholipid layers.
The cell membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer.
There are other molecules embedded in the membrane.
The fluid mosaic model describes the arrangement of molecules
making up the cell membrane. The membrane is flexible like a liquid
and has a variety of molecules like the tiles of a mosaic.
cell membrane
carbohydrate
chain
cholesterol
protein
protein channel
protein
Phospholipids form a double layer surrounding a cell. They’re
made of a polar phosphate head and two non-polar fatty acid
tails.
Other molecules:
Cholesterol: strengthens membranes.
Proteins: cell identification, signaling, and aid the movement of
materials into and out of the cell.
Carbohydrates: aid in cell identification.
Study Guide Sections, Pages & Questions
3.2 (pages 23 & 24) 4 – 8, 9 – 15
3.3 (pages 25 & 26) 6 – 9, 11 and 16
3.4 (pages 27 & 28) 1 and 2, 9 – 13
3.5 ( pages 29 & 30) 1,2,3, & 6, 7 and 8 plus
the “Y” diagram.
21 October
Find and write down the three parts of the Cell Theory
Cell Facts -
http://www.ted.com/talks/david_bolinsky_animates_a_cell.html
• There are anywhere from 75 to 100 trillion cells in the body.
• There are more bacterial cells in the body than human cells.
• Prokaryotes are the most primitive forms of life on earth.
• Cells have varying life spans.
• Cells commit suicide.
• Cells contain structures called
functions for the cell.
organelles
that carry out
• Microscopes are required to see cells.
• An egg is one cell.
• One single cell contains two meters of DNA.
• Humans shed and regrow outer skin cells about every 27 days.
Early studies led to the development of
the cell theory.
•The
Cell theory has three principles.
- All organisms are made of cells.
- All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
- The cell is the most basic unit of life.
Lung cancer cell undergoing cell division
The aquatic plant elodea
There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells
have a nucleus
nucleus
Prokaryotic cells do not
have a nucleus.
organelles
cell membrane
PROKARYOTE
EUKARYOTE
EUKARYOTE
Cells have an internal structure.
Cells have an internal structure.
The cytoskeleton has many functions.
Cells have an internal structure.
The cytoskeleton has many functions.
supports and shapes cell
Cells have an internal structure.
The cytoskeleton has many functions.
supports and shapes cell
helps position and transport organelles
Cells have an internal structure.
The cytoskeleton has many functions.
supports and shapes cell
helps position and transport organelles
provides strength
Cells have an internal structure.
The cytoskeleton has many functions.
supports and shapes cell
helps position and transport organelles
provides strength
assists in cell division
Cells have an internal structure.
The cytoskeleton has many functions.
supports and shapes cell
helps position and transport organelles
provides strength
assists in cell division
aids in cell movement
Several organelles are involved in making and processing
proteins.
The nucleus stores genetic information.
Several organelles are involved in making and processing
proteins.
The nucleus stores genetic information.
Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Two types Smooth & Rough
Several organelles are involved in making and processing
proteins.
The nucleus stores genetic information.
Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
Several organelles are involved in making and processing
proteins.
The nucleus stores genetic information.
Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Several organelles are involved in making and processing
proteins.
The nucleus stores genetic information.
Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Several organelles are involved in making and processing
proteins. (continued)
Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.
Several organelles are involved in making and processing
proteins. (continued)
Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.
The Golgi apparatus processes, sorts, and ships these proteins.
Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.
Other organelles have various functions.
Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.
Animals
only
Other organelles have various functions.
Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.
Centrioles are tubes found
in the centrosomes.
Other organelles have various functions.
Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.
Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes.
Centrioles help divide DNA.
Other organelles have various functions.
Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.
Centrioles are tubes found in the
centrosomes.
Centrioles help divide DNA.
Centrioles form cilia and
flagella.
Other organelles have various functions.
Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
- Plants and animals
Other organelles have various functions.
Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
Plants
only
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
A cell wall provides rigid support.
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
A cell wall provides rigid support.
Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy.
1) How do cell organelles and the cell membrane interact?
2) What roles does the cell membrane preform for organisms?
3) How is the cell membrane constructed?
Youtube video titles
The Cell Membrane
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7CJ7xZOjm0&safe=active
Cell Organelles And Their Function Animation (BOTH 3D AND MICROSCOPIC VIEWS )
http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_937748&feature=iv&src_vid=LP7xA
r2FDFU&v=fKEaTt9heNM&safe=active
Chapter 6: Cell Membranes and Active and Passive Transport
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqtQfSDEKIM&safe=active
PROKARYOTE
EUKARYOTE
22 October
There are four types of microscopes.
* dissecting – scanning electron – transmission electron – compound
In your lab portion of your notebook, take down the notes
from the right side of the board.
On the left side of the board make sure you note all the
parts of a
plant cell
Dissecting Microscope – used to closely observe larger objects.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM )– electron beams are used to scan the surface
topography of an object.
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) – a beam of electrons is transmitted through
an ultra-thin specimen, interacting with the specimen as it passes through.
Chlamydomonas
Compound Microscope – used for examining things too small to see with your eyes
Diatoms
Radiolaria
Foraminifera
Paramecium
23 October
Without opening your books, study guides, or notebook,
List What you know about:
•
•
•
•
•
Cell theory
Monomers
Polymers
Properties of Water – know at least 4
Proteins/enzymes
What is surface area?
Draw an organelle that epitomizes why surface area is important in biological
organisms. What is it called?
What makes a plant different than an animal
plant: cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplast
What does the Smooth ER do?
– develops removed toxins, produces lipids
3 parts of the Cell Theory
What is spontaneous generation?
What do Cell Membranes do?
- facilitates the transport of things inside and outside of the cells – removal
of waste.
What is the cell membrane made up of?
It is made of phospholipids.
Types of microscopes What is the purpose of the nucleus?
Stores/protects the DNA & RNA
What are the difference between a prokaryote and eukaryotic cell?
1) With the development of the earliest microscopes, the fundamental parts of the cell theory
began to develop. What does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory.
Individual scientists receive recognition for their work in developing the cell theory
Progress on the cell theory was delayed by a lack of technological progress.
Scientists needed to focus less on cells and more on microscope development.
2) Which of the following best compares the structures found in plant cells and animal cells?
A. Animal cells contain cell walls and a large central vacuole while plan cells contain cell
membranes and many small vacuoles.
B. Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant
cells do.
C. Plant cells contain rough endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi
apparatus while animal cells contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounded by lysosomes.
D. Plant cells have rigid cell walls and do not contain mitochondria or ribosomes while animal
cells do.
A
O
B
C
D
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
What things affect the activities of enzymes?