Download 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Comparing the Cell to a Factory
1. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
A.Organelles:
•Structures within a eukaryotic cell
• perform important cellular functions
B. Cytoplasm:
* Gel/liquid portion that surrounds the
organelles.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Comparing the Cell to a Factory
Plant Cell
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (free)
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(attached)
Golgi
apparatus
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Comparing the Cell to a Factory
Animal Cell
Nucleolus
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Ribosome (free)
Nuclear envelope
Cell membrane
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(attached)
Centrioles
Golgi
apparatus
Mitochondrion
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
C. Nucleus:
* control center of the cell.
(The nucleus contains nearly all the
cell's DNA and with it the coded
instructions for making proteins and
other important molecules.)
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
D. nuclear envelope:
*membrane
composed of 2 layers
E. nuclear pores:
(small hole) allows
materials to move in
and out of the
nucleus.
Nuclear
envelope
Nuclear
pores
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
F. chromatin: granular material in the nucleus
* consists of DNA bound to protein.
Chromatin
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
G. chromosomes:
*In cell division; condensed chromation
* contain the genetic information
( that is passed from one generation of cells to
the next.)
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
H. nucleolus:
* assembly of ribosomes begins.
Nucleolus
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
The Nucleus
Chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Nuclear
pores
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Ribosomes
I. Ribosomes:
*small particles of RNA and protein found
throughout the cytoplasm
*assembles proteins by following coded
instructions that come from the nucleus
(One of the most important jobs carried out in
the cell is making proteins.)
.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
J. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
*Factory
*lipid components of the cell
membrane, proteins, and other
materials that exported are assembled
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
1. two types of ER:
a. rough ER: involved in protein
synthesis
(Ribosomes are found on the
surface of rough ER.
Rough ER is abundant in cells that
produce large amounts of protein
for export. )
b. Smooth ER: contains collections of
enzymes that perform specialized
tasks
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Golgi Apparatus
K. Golgi apparatus:
*post office
*modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and
other materials from the ER for storage or
secretion outside the cell.
(From the Golgi apparatus, proteins are then
“shipped” to their final destinations
throughout the cell or outside of the cell.)
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus appears as a stack of closely
apposed membranes.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Lysosomes
L. Lysosomes:
*small and filled with enzymes.
*break down lipids, carbohydrates, and
proteins into small molecules
*break down old organelles
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Vacuoles
M. Vacuoles
*saclike structures
*store materials such as water, salts,
proteins, and carbohydrates.
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Vacuoles
a. plant cells have a
single, large central
vacuole filled with liquid.
(The pressure of the
central vacuole allows
plants to support heavy
structures such as leaves
and flowers. )
Vacuole
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
(Vacuoles are also found
in some unicellular
organisms and in some
animals.
Vacuoles
Contractile vacuole
The paramecium contains
a contractile vacuole that
pumps excess water out
of the cell.)
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
N. Mitochondria :
“Power house”
* convert the chemical
energy stored in food
into compounds that
the cell can use.
Mitochondrion
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O. Chloroplasts
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Chloroplast
•capture energy from
sunlight and convert it into
chemical energy
(in a process called
photosynthesis.)
*contain the green pigment
chlorophyll
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Cytoskeleton
P. Cytoskeleton:
*network of protein filaments
•helps to maintain cell shape.
• cell movement
1. The cytoskeleton is made up of:
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Cytoskeleton
a. Microfilaments:
1. threadlike structures made up of
the protein
2. form extensive networks
3. produce a tough, flexible
framework that supports the cell.
4. help some cells move.
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Cytoskeleton
b. Microtubules
* hollow structures made up of
proteins
1. maintain cell shape.
2. important in cell division.
3. form cilia and flagella--enable
some cells to swim rapidly
through liquids.
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Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
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Cytoskeleton
Q. Centrioles:
*in animal cells
* located near the nucleus
* help to organize cell division.
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In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible
as
a. a dense region called the nucleolus.
b. the nuclear envelope.
c. granular material called chromatin.
d. condensed bodies called chloroplasts.
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7-2
Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials
and helping to
a. break down organelles.
b. assemble proteins.
c. maintain homeostasis.
d. make new organelles.
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Chloroplasts are found in the cells of
a. plants only.
b. plants and some other organisms.
c. all eukaryotes.
d. most prokaryotes.
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7-2
Which of the following is NOT a function of the
Golgi apparatus?
a. synthesize proteins
b. modify proteins
c. sort proteins
d. package proteins
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7-2
Which of the following is a function of the
cytoskeleton?
a. manufactures new cell organelles
b. assists in movement of some cells from one
place to another
c. releases energy in cells
d. modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
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