Download Cell Organelle Notes (PPT)

Cell Theory &
Cell Organelles
Sections 3.1 & 3.2
3.1 Cell Theory
 Key

Concept:
Cells are the basic unit of life.
The cell theory grew out of the work
of many scientists and
improvements in the microscope.
 Many
scientists contributed to the cell
theory.
 More was learned about cells as
microscopes improved.
Early studies led to the
development of the cell theory.
 The



Cell Theory:
All organisms are made of cells.
All cells come from other cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure &
function in living things.
All cells share certain characteristics.
 Cells
tend to be microscopic.
 All cells are enclosed by a plasma
membrane.
 All cells are filled with cytoplasm.
 All cells have ribosomes.
There are two cell types:
eukaryotic cells & prokaryotic cells
 Eukaryotic


cells
Have a nucleus
Have membranebound organelles
 Prokaryotic


cells
Do not have a nucleus
(still have DNA)
Do not have
membrane-bound
organelles
3.2 Cell Organelles
 Key

Concept:
Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.
Review from 3.1
 All



cells have:
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Plasma Membrane
(aka Cell Membrane)
 Function:
the cell
 Made of:





Controls what enters and leaves
Phospholipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Cholesterol
Steroids
IN ALL
CELLS
1
1
1
Cytoplasm
 Function:
holds organelles in place;
location of various reactions in the cell

Organelles: parts of the cell with specific
jobs/functions
2
2
2
IN ALL
CELLS
Ribosomes
 Function:

protein synthesis
Found in cytoplasm or on the Rough ER
IN ALL
CELLS
Nucleus
 Function:
(“brain”)


Control center of the cell
Has its own membrane
Stores DNA
4
3
4
3
Nucleolus
 Function:

Makes RNA (a nucleic acid)
Found inside the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
 “Roadway” of the cell
Rough ER
 Helps
make
and transport
proteins
 Ribosomes on
surface make
it look rough
Smooth ER
 Helps break
down toxins,
poisons, and
waste
 Helps process
carbs & lipids
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body)
 Function:
Packages products (ex. –
proteins) for the cell to export

UPS for the cell
Lysosomes
 Function:
Contain enzymes to digest
materials for the cell

Not found in plant cells
Mitochondria
 Function:
Where energy is made for the
cell
 Have a double membrane

Inner membrane (cristae) is folded – this
increases surface area to allow more
energy to be made at a time

Other structures in the body are like this as well
(small intestine, lungs)
 Singular:
mitochondrion
Plastids
 Pigment-containing organelles
Chloroplast
 Site of
photosynthesis
(makes food)
6
Chromoplast
 Make and store
pigments in fruits,
roots, etc. (red
color in tomatoes)
Vacuole
 Function:


Stores water and food
Plant cells: large and singular
Animal cells: small and numerous
Cytoskeleton
 Function:
helps cell maintain shape; helps
cell move; helps move organelles around
inside the cell (like railroad tracks)
Centrioles
 Function:

helps with cell division
Only in animal cells
PART OF
CYTOSKELETON
Cilia & Flagella
 Function:
Help with cell movement
PART OF
CYTOSKELETON
Cell Wall
 Function:
protection for plant, fungal, and
bacterial cells
5
5
Review
Eukaryotes
 Have
nucleus (DNA)
 Have membranebound organelles
 Larger size because of
organelles
 More complex
 Unicellular or
multicellular
Prokaryotes
 No
nucleus (still have DNA)
 No membrane-bound
organelles
 Smaller size because of
lack of organelles
 Less complex
 Unicellular