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Transcript
Introduction to Cells Day 3 Cell Organelles Animal vs. Plant Cells Bell Ringer: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes 5 MIN WORD BANK Big Complex No nucleus (naked DNA) Simple Nucleus DNA Today’s Agenda • • • • • • • Bell Ringer (5 minutes) Introduction (10 minutes) Notebook Input (20 minutes) Notebook Output (5 minutes) Group Activity (30 minutes) Independent Practice (15 minutes) Exit Quiz (10 minutes) Why continue to learn about cells!?? • • • • • We can do a LOT… Protect our cells to prevent infection and other harmful effects Observe cells to diagnose disease Treat cells to heal illnesses Stop harming cells though our choices and actions STOP ZIKA!??? – scientists need to learn about cells in both humans and mosquitoes and the single celled organism that causes Zika. "Cell City" Essential Question Why do plant cells and animal cells contain different organelles? What are we learning today? Cell organelles in plant and animal cells Notebook input • Today, you write what is in BLUE • The title of your notes is: Cell Organelles Review: The Classification of Cells There are two types of cells: Review: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Eukaryotes are/have: Prokaryotes are/have: – Big – Small – More Complex – Less Complex – The nucleus houses the cell's DNA, keeps things organized – No nucleus around the DNA •No need for a special container because the cell is so small!!! PARTS OF CELLS • Organelles: Small, specialized structures inside cells such as the nucleus or mitochondria. • All living things are made up of cells, but not all cells are the same. Organelles Organelle Prokaryote Plant or Or Animal Eukaryote Cell Function Cell Wall Both Plant Protects plant and some prokaryotic cells; supports cell. Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane Both Both Controls what enters and exits a cell. Both Both Jelly-like substance that holds the organelles outside of the nucleus. Eukaryote Both Holds the DNA (genetic information) of cells –Surrounded by a nuclear membrane with pores Cytoplasm Nucleus Organelles Organelle Prokaryote Plant or Or Animal Eukaryote Cell Function Nuclear Membrane Eukaryote Both Surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus Nucleolus Eukaryote Both Round body located inside of the nucleus. Chromatin Both Both The material that chromosomes are made of (Protein + genetic material) Eukaryote Both Cellular respiration occurs here to produce ATP this is the power house of the cell. Mitochondria Organelles Organelle Prokaryote Plant or Or Animal Eukaryote Cell Function Ribosomes Both Both Where proteins are made Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Eukaryote Both “highway of the cell” and site of protein and lipid synthesis. Highly folded to increase surface area available to make more proteins and lipids Golgi apparatus Eukaryote Both Sorts and packages cellular products like the post office of the cell. Pieces of the Golgi are pinched off to form vesicles that deliver the cellular products Organelles Organelle Prokaryote Plant or Or Animal Eukaryote Cell Function Lysosomes Eukaryote Both Breaks down waste products Vacuoles Eukaryote Both Chloroplast Eukaryote Plant Stores water and waste, supports plant cell by exerting pressure on the cell wall. Plants have a large central vacuole. Photosynthesis occurs here in plant cells. Microtubules Eukaryote Both Cilia/Flagella Eukaryote Tube-shaped protein structures that help cells maintain their shape Animal Located outside of the cell. Flagella helps the cell move around. Cilia helps move substances over or around the cell. Nucleus Ribosomes 8. ER Golgi apparatus lysosome This is in an animal cell. The vacuoles are small and don’t take up much space vacuole This is in a plant cell. It has one large central vacuole that stores water the plant needs to survive. It is LARGE and takes up a lot of space cell membrane/plasma membrane Large Central Vacuole •Used to store water and other materials Vacuole Chloroplasts Review: Cell Wall •Rigid outer layer •Provides structure and support for the cell •Protects the cell membrane Cell Wall Check for understanding • What are the two different types of eukaryotic cells? Plant and animal • Nucleus, vacuole, cell wall, cytoskeleton: Which of these is found in plants but not animal cells? cell wall • How is the vacuole different in plant cells? much larger holds water for plant Check for understanding • Mitochondria or chloroplast: which is only found in plant cells? chloroplast - make food from sunlight (mitochondria are in BOTH animal and plant cells) Check for understanding • What are THREE differences between a plant and animal cell? 1. Plants have chloroplast; animals do not 2. Plants have cell walls; animals do not 3. Plants have a large central water vacuole to store water (animals vacuoles are small) Cell Analogy ACTIVITY An analogy is a way of explaining something by comparing it with something else. The figure to the right is an analogy of the inner workings of a cell in which the artist compares the cell to a factory. Cell city Analogy Things get built at a construction site Where in the cell things get built or put together? Ribosomes – Construction sites and ribosomes built new structures Cell city Analogy Large tanks in the city store water Where in the cell things get stored? Vacuoles – Tanks and vacuoles store food and water Making a Cell Analogy Activity Complete the Making the Cell Analogy worksheet by matching the parts of the city with the name of the organelle that functions most like it completing the table for either your house or a factory analogy Making your own analogy Notebook Output 5 Min Choose one question and answer Do you think that eukaryotes could have evolved without prokaryotes? Explain. How have organelles enabled eukaryotic cells to become successful? By comparing a bee's body mass to its wing span, it has been calculated that a bee should not be able to fly. Cell biologists have since found that the muscles which control the wings of the bee have a huge number of mitochondria. Explain why this discovery may help explain why bees are able to fly. Although cells were first discovered during the 1660s, how would you explain the fact that most of our knowledge about cell structure and function has occurred within the last 50 years? Cells of the stomach lining have large numbers of ribosomes and Golgi apparatuses. Explain why? Independent Practice 15 Min Exit ticket 10 MIN • Put all materials away/pack up! Home Learning Complete a Frayer Model of the following vocabulary words: 1. Ribosomes 2. Mitochondria 3. Chloroplast 4. Vacuole 5. Cell membrane/Plasma membrane