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May 14, 2017
Biology I
CSI Worksheet 11
1. Label the diagram and describe the Central Dogma of biology.
2. Explain the link between a gene and the protein for which it codes. Include a description of the genetic code.
How long is a “word” in the genetic code? Explain why a genetic “word” cannot be shorter.
3. A metabolic pathway synthesizes a product through a series of steps, with each step having an intermediate
compound. What conclusion should be drawn when a genetic mutation in the DNA results in the production of
only the first few intermediates?
a. The cell can only produce the final product if more of the first few intermediates are present.
b. The gene that codes for an intermediate compound is knocked out.
c. The gene that codes for the enzyme required to produce the next intermediate in the pathway is
knocked out.
d. The cell can only produce the final product if more precursor is present.
4. Which of the following is true about the evolution of the genetic code?
a. The genetic code is random with respect to the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce offspring.
b. The existing genetic code is structured in a way that efficiently minimizes the phenotypic effects of small
changes in DNA and errors during translation.
c. The common ancestor of all species living today used a very different genetic code.
d. The organisms on the tree of life are unique because they use different genetic codes.
5. Which type of mutation causes a premature termination of protein synthesis?
a. Nonsense
b. Silent
c. Frameshift
d. Replacement
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Corinne I Core Supplemental Instruction Facilitator | Biology I
Center for Academic Services & Advising
6. Describe the three phases of translation.
7. Explain how introns are removed and exons are spliced together.
8. To label amino acids within cells, researchers "pulsed" E. coli with radioactive sulfate and "chased" with a large
excess of nonradioactive sulfate. They observed that radioactivity was first associated with ribosomes and then
later with completed proteins. The biologists concluded that _____.
a. polypeptides are made in the nucleus
b. proteins are synthesized by ribosomes and are subsequently released
c. amino acids are randomly assembled into proteins
d. ribosomes break down proteins into amino acids
9. What would be the effect of a mutation in the Trp aminoacyl tRNA synthetase that eliminated the tRNA binding
site?
a. The enzyme would not be activated.
b. The aminoacyl tRNA synthetase would not be produced.
c. The amino acid Trp would not bind to the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase.
d. The aminoacyl Trp tRNA would not be produced.
10. Which of the following statements about peptide bond formation is true?
a. RNA catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.
b. Peptide bond formation occurs within the small subunit of the ribosome.
c. Protein enzymes catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids.
d. Peptide bond formation occurs in the absence of any catalyst
11. State and explain the purpose of each of the three steps of PCR.
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Corinne I Core Supplemental Instruction Facilitator | Biology I
Center for Academic Services & Advising
12. Explain why a plasmid is needed for gene cloning.
13. Sickle-cell disease is a recessive genetic disorder in which hemoglobin is improperly folded, leading to the
breakdown of red blood cells. Which would be the first step in finding the gene involved in this disorder?
a. Isolate mRNA from white blood cells from the circulatory system of an individual with sickle-cell disease.
b. Sequence the hemoglobin gene of an individual with sickle-cell disease.
c. Isolate mRNA from bone marrow and spleen cells, where red blood cells are synthesized, from an
individual with sickle-cell disease.
d. Create a cDNA library from any cell in a human with sickle-cell disease.
14. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cloning a gene into a plasmid?
a. Use ligase to "seal" the inserted gene into the plasmid, identify a restriction site for use in cloning,
attach the restriction site to the cDNA ends, and add restriction endonuclease to the plasmid and cDNA.
b. Identify a restriction site for use in cloning, attach the restriction site to the cDNA ends, add restriction
endonuclease to the plasmid and cDNA, and use ligase to "seal" the inserted gene into the plasmid.
c. Add restriction endonuclease to the plasmid and cDNA, use ligase to "seal" the inserted gene into the
plasmid, identify a restriction site for use in cloning, and attach the restriction site to the cDNA ends.
d. Identify a restriction site for use in cloning, add restriction endonuclease to the plasmid and cDNA,
attach the restriction site to the cDNA ends, and use ligase to "seal" the inserted gene into the plasmid.
15. What does it mean when a gene for a given phenotype is closely linked to a gene that may cause a disease?
a. There would be frequent crossing over between the two genes.
b. The gene for the phenotype and the gene for the disease are located on different chromosomes.
c. Individuals who inherit the phenotype never inherit the disease.
d. Almost all the individuals who inherit the phenotype also inherit the disease.
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Corinne I Core Supplemental Instruction Facilitator | Biology I