Download Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Created by: Evelin Fuentes
Rai Boone
 Genetic
engineering: the deliberate
 Genetic
code: The sequence of
manipulation of genetic material.
nucleotides in DNA or RNA that determines
the specific amino acid sequence in the
synthesis of proteins.


It is possible to move material between
species because the genetic code is universal.
The transfer of genetic code can cause
genetic mutations in animals






Gene transfer: Involves the use of plasmids,
host cell (bacterium, yeast, or other cell),
restriction enzymes (endonucleases), DNA ligase.
Gene therapy: The treatment of certain
diseases by introducing specific engineered genes
in a patients cells.
Vector: Is what is needed to carry the gene into
the host cell; plasmids are often used as vectors.
Restriction enzyme: Used to cut a desired
section of the DNA.
Plasmids: Used to clone a desired gene.
Host cell: The cell used to receive the genetic
material.

A human gene that codes for insulin can be
inserted into a plasmid and then inserted into
a host cell (bacterium). The bacterium then
synthesis insulin which can then be collected
and used by diabetics.
◦ Note- Gene transfer involves the following
elements: a vector, a host cell, restriction enzyme,
DNA ligase.

Step 1: Introduce the desired gene into a
plasmid and transfer it into a bacterial cell,
then culture the bacteria.
◦ Note: many of the bacteria will have a plasmid with
the desired gene

Step 2: Use restriction enzymes to cut the
desired gene out of the plasmids and purify
the gene using gel electrophoresis.

Step 3:

"Genetic Code: Definition from Answers.com." Answers.com: Wiki

<http://www.answers.com/topic/genetic-code>.
"IB Biology Notes - Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology." IB

<http://www.ibguides.com/biology/notes/genetic-engineeringand-biotechnology>.
"Gene Therapy: Definition from Answers.com." Answers.com:

Q&A Combined with Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and
Encyclopedias. Web. 13 Feb. 2012.
Guides - Free International Baccalaureate Study Guides, Notes,
Videos and Powerpoints. Web. 13 Feb. 2012.
Wiki Q&A Combined with Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and
Encyclopedias. Web. 13 Feb. 2012.
<http://www.answers.com/topic/gene-therapy>.
"BrainPOP | Science." BrainPOP - Animated Educational Site for
Kids - Science, Social Studies, English, Math, Arts. Web. 13 Feb.
2012. <http://www.brainpop.com/science/>.