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Created by: Evelin Fuentes Rai Boone Genetic engineering: the deliberate Genetic code: The sequence of manipulation of genetic material. nucleotides in DNA or RNA that determines the specific amino acid sequence in the synthesis of proteins. It is possible to move material between species because the genetic code is universal. The transfer of genetic code can cause genetic mutations in animals Gene transfer: Involves the use of plasmids, host cell (bacterium, yeast, or other cell), restriction enzymes (endonucleases), DNA ligase. Gene therapy: The treatment of certain diseases by introducing specific engineered genes in a patients cells. Vector: Is what is needed to carry the gene into the host cell; plasmids are often used as vectors. Restriction enzyme: Used to cut a desired section of the DNA. Plasmids: Used to clone a desired gene. Host cell: The cell used to receive the genetic material. A human gene that codes for insulin can be inserted into a plasmid and then inserted into a host cell (bacterium). The bacterium then synthesis insulin which can then be collected and used by diabetics. ◦ Note- Gene transfer involves the following elements: a vector, a host cell, restriction enzyme, DNA ligase. Step 1: Introduce the desired gene into a plasmid and transfer it into a bacterial cell, then culture the bacteria. ◦ Note: many of the bacteria will have a plasmid with the desired gene Step 2: Use restriction enzymes to cut the desired gene out of the plasmids and purify the gene using gel electrophoresis. Step 3: "Genetic Code: Definition from Answers.com." Answers.com: Wiki <http://www.answers.com/topic/genetic-code>. "IB Biology Notes - Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology." IB <http://www.ibguides.com/biology/notes/genetic-engineeringand-biotechnology>. "Gene Therapy: Definition from Answers.com." Answers.com: Q&A Combined with Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Encyclopedias. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. Guides - Free International Baccalaureate Study Guides, Notes, Videos and Powerpoints. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. Wiki Q&A Combined with Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Encyclopedias. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.answers.com/topic/gene-therapy>. "BrainPOP | Science." BrainPOP - Animated Educational Site for Kids - Science, Social Studies, English, Math, Arts. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.brainpop.com/science/>.