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CHAPTER 12 OUTLINE
• When did Darwin publish? with what focus?
1. 1859
2. worldwide biodiversity, patterns
• What is an example of natural selection?
1. bacteria and insects
• What is adaptation?
1. change to overcome a problem
• What is descent with modification?
1. one species descends from another
2. changes over time
• Are bones the only evidence of evolution?
1. comparative anatomy, comparative embryology
2. DNA and proteins
• Why were Darwin’s finches so important?
1. mainland origins
2. competition for limited food
• What is the struggle for existence?
1. competition to survive
• What are heritable traits that give advantages?
1. genes passed from one generation to another
2. affect survival and/or reproduction
• How is natural selection a numbers game?
1. 2 x 2 x 2 < 10 x 10 x 10; 8 < 1000
• What is the ultimate source of genetic variation?
1. mutation
2. shuffle the deck
• What is a gene pool?
1. combined alleles of every individual in a population
• What are the four causes of microevolution?
1. Genetic Drift
2. Gene Flow
3. Mutation
4. Natural Selection