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Transcript
CELL ADAPTATIONS Objectives: • What is cell adaptations? •Different types of cell adaptations •Contractile vacuole •Cilia •Flagella •Pseudo pod •Eyespots What is cell adaptation? Changes made by a cell in response to adverse environmental changes. Types: Contractile vacuole Cilia Flagella Pseudo pod Eyespots Contractile Vacuole(osmo regulation) A sub-cellular structure (organelle) involved in osmoregulation. Vacuoles store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. Found in protists and unicellular algae Paramecium contains contractile vacuole. Paramecium has two contractile vacuoles, one at each end, which fill and contract alternately. By contracting rhythmically, this contractile vacuole collects & remove excess water out of the cell, which helps to achieve homeostasis. In freshwater environments the concentration of solutes inside the cell is higher than outside the cell Under these conditions water flows from the environment into the cell by osmosis. Thus contractile vacuole serves as a protective mechanism that prevents the cell from absorbing too much water and possibly exploding. Freshwater paramecia when placed in a brine (salty) environment will use its contractile vacuole to pump water out of the cell. If the paramecia cannot reach equilibrium immediately, it would die. Cilia Are hair like projections Present in Paramecium Used for feeding and movement. Cilia move the food to the organisms interior through mouth pore. The food particles are engulfed, forming food vacuoles. Flagella Are whip like structures that are used for movement. Found in prokaryotic cells and some eukaryotic cells Function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. Sponges carry out basic functions, such as feeding and circulation, by moving water through their bodies. Choanocytes are cells that line the interior of sponges that contain a central flagellum. Flagellate creates a water flow which then filters nutrients and other food from the water, removing wastes from the sponge. Food particles are then phagocytosed by the cell. Pseudopods (False feet) Are temporary cytoplasmic projections of eukaryotic cells membranes or unicellular protists Pseudopods are used for feeding and movement. . An amoeba uses pseudo pods. •The amoeba moves by first extending a pseudo pod away from its body. •The cytoplasm then streams into the pseudo pod. EYESPOTS Composed of photoreceptors Possessed by plantlike protists, like green algae, euglenas It helps the cells in finding an environment with optimal sunlight for carrying out the process of photosynthesis. Euglena Euglena responding to the moderate light