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Cell Structure
Unit 2: Cells
Learning Target (7.12DEF) Differentiate between structure and function
in plant and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall,
nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and vacuole
Organelle: A specialized part of a cell having some specific function
Organelle: Specific parts of a cell
Cell: Basic unit of life. The smallest level of organism
Tissue: A bunch of cells
Organ: A bunch of tissues
Organ System: A bunch of organs
Organism: Several organ systems
Notes
• Nucleus
• Found in eukaryotic cells, not prokaryotic
• The “brain” of the cell
• Contains all of the cell’s genetic information (DNA/chromosomes)
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
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“roadway”/ “highway”
Allows transport of materials through and out of the cell
Important in building proteins
2 types: Smooth and Rough
• Rough – Protein synthesis, has ribosomes
• Smooth – Site of lipid synthesis, no ribosomes
• Ribosomes
• Site of protein production
• Free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to ER
• Golgi apparatus
• Sorts, modifies, and packages molecules to be transported out of the cell
• Mitochondria
• Site of cellular respiration (Provides energy to the cell)
• Muscle cells have many mitochondria because they use a lot of energy
Energy demand
# of mitochondria
• Have their own DNA
• Capable of reproducing by binary fission
• “Power factory”
• Chloroplasts (in Plant cell Only)
• Site of photosynthesis
• Contains chlorophyll. The chlorophyll traps and converts sunlight (light energy)
into food/glucose (chemical energy)
• Mitochondria and
chloroplasts
• Evolved from prokaryotic
cells
• Free living and then entered
the eukaryotic cell to
become an organelle
• Cell wall (in Plant cell Only)
• Made of cellulose and fibers
• Surrounds the cell membrane to provide support and protection
• Allows water to enter
• Cell membrane
• Allows materials to pass in and out of the cell
• “gatekeeper”
• Cytoplasm
• Jellylike material that surrounds the nucleus
• Supports organelles
• Vacuoles
• Plant cell – Large vacuole: Stores food, water, waste, and pigment
• Animal cell – Small vacuoles: Store waste (Lysosomes also store waste)