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Basic pathways involved in the medullary control of blood pressure. The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is one of the major sources of excitatory input to sympathetic nerves controlling the vasculature. These neurons receive inhibitory input from the baroreceptors via an inhibitory neuron in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). The nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) is the site of termination of baroreceptor afferent fibers. The putative neurotransmitters in the pathways are indicated in parentheses. Ach, acetylcholine; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; Glu, glutamate; IML, intermediolateral gray column; IVLM, intermediate ventrolateral medulla; NE, norepinephrine; NTS, nucleus of the tractus solitarius; IX and X, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Source: Chapter 32. Cardiovascular Regulatory Mechanisms, Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 24e Citation: Barrett KE, Boitano S, Barman SM, Brooks HL. Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 24e; 2012 Available at: http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 13, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved