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Modern biology is guided by the cell theory, the view that ________. 20% 1. 20% 20% 3 4 20% all living things arise from other living things the cell is the smallest unit of organization capable of life living organisms are formed from one or more cells cell growth and division account for the continuity of life all of the choices 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 Life is only possible within a carefully controlled environment; the ________ functions to create and maintain this environment. 20% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 20% 20% 3 4 20% nucleus cell membrane lipid bilayer cytoplasm cell wall 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 As cell diameter increases, ________; this is an important factor in explaining why cells are small. 20% 1. 20% 20% 3 4 20% the integrity of the cell membrane is challenged the ratio of cell volume to cell surface area becomes unfavorable the total membrane surface increases, making pathogenic attacks more likely maintaining enough water to support the cytoplasm becomes impossible all of the choices 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 Without the aid of magnification, the human eye ________. 20% 1. 20% 20% 3 4 20% can easily see most cells and the nucleus when properly stained can see objects equal to or greater than typical bacteria cannot see typically sized cells can see the smallest multicellular organisms, but not the individual cells that form them can see nothing smaller than the various tissues formed by collections of cells 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 To visualize the details of the surface features of a cell, it would be necessary to use ________ microscope. 20% 20% 20% 20% 3 4 20% 1. a phase-contrast light 2. an ion-beam 3. a transmission electron 4. a Normarski light 5. a scanning electron 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 Although outwardly similar, the cells of ________ are so different that each is assigned to a separate domain. 33% 33% 33% 1. archaeans and bacteria 2. archaeans and eukaryotes 3. bacteria and eukaryotes 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 Prokaryotes are often incorrectly described as lacking internal organization; one structure they share with eukaryotic cells is(are) ________. 20% 20% 20% 20% 3 4 20% 1. 2. 3. 4. DNA mitochondria chloroplasts cell, gap, and tight junctions 5. ribosomes 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 Cells with organelles show greater diversity than those without organelles; what advantages do organelles offer? 20% 1. 20% 20% 3 4 20% membranes control the types and quantities of materials entering or leaving the organelle the distribution of substances can be directed harmful chemical activity can be isolated from other cellular processes the organelle's outer membrane creates a microenvironment for cell activities all of the choices 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 Modern biologists use the term chromosome to describe ________. 20% 1. 20% 20% 3 4 20% a cell's DNA when it's physically located within the nucleus DNA when its two strands have separated from each other the DNA when visible with a microscope inside a dividing cell double-stranded DNA and its protein complement, irrespective of its form the DNA when it's dispersed and functioning within the nucleus 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 Nucleosomes are the cellular location where ________. 20% 1. 20% 20% 3 4 20% tubulin monomers are assembled to form microtubules amino acids are connected sequentially to form polypeptides the ribosomal subunits are synthesized histones are combined with DNA to form chromatin the components of the nuclear membrane are assembled 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 The pathway for a protein destined for incorporation into the plasma membrane would be ________. 1. lysosome -> rough ER -> vesicle nuclear ribosome -> nuclear pore -> cytoplasm rough ER -> Golgi body -> exocytotic vesicle smooth ER ->rough ER -> mitochondrion nucleus -> chloroplast -> plasmodesmata 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 2 3 4 5 20% 1 20% 2 20% 20% 3 4 20% 5 Pancreatic cells synthesize and export large quantities of digestive enzymes; to support this activity they must ________. 20% 1. 20% 20% 3 4 20% have more Golgi bodies than typical cells be multinucleated have a large number of lysosomes be larger than typical cells have more peroxisomes than typical cells 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 In what way(s) do mitochondria resemble bacteria? 20% 1. 20% 20% 3 4 20% none of the choices; there is no similarity mitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomes and divide by simple fission like bacteria do mitochondria can produce ATP using sunlight as early prokaryotic organisms did both possess flagella, which the mitochondria use to move through the cytoplasm both are constructed with an inner plasma membrane and an outer cell wall 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 If a cube-shaped cell's side doubles in length, its volume increases ________ times, while its surface area increases ________ times. 20% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 20% 20% 3 4 20% 4, 8 8, 4 4, 2 2, 4 4, 16 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 A typical ________ cell contains chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts. 20% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 20% 20% 3 4 20% immune muscle plant animal prokaryotic 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 The depositions added to the inside of the primary plant cell wall ________. 20% 1. 20% 20% 3 4 20% are termed the secondary wall are much stiffer and provide support for the plant consist primarily of lignin may eventually form waterconducting channels all of the choices 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 Intestinal epithelial cells isolate the contents of the intestine from the tissues beneath. What type of cell junction occurs between adjacent cells? 20% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 20% 20% 3 4 20% gap junction tight junction plasmodesma adhering junction a lignified lamella 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 Taxol is an effective antitumor medication because it ________. 20% 1. 20% 20% 3 4 20% selectively binds to the mutant proteins that cause cancer disrupts the assembly of ribosomes and prevents cancer cells from growing disrupts microtubule assembly and prevents cell division rigidly stabilizes the cytoskeleton and prevents cell division binds to the proteins forming gap junctions and prevents cellto-cell communication 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 Pseudopodia move when ________ elongate(s) or shorten(s). 20% 20% 20% 20% 3 4 20% 1. 2. 3. 4. the basal body microfilaments microtubules intermediate fibers 5. tubulin 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 5 In multicellular organisms, many stationary cells depend on cilia to ________. 20% 1. 20% 20% 3 4 20% push bacteria away from their surfaces move various organelles within the cytoplasm to more advantageous locations create currents that move extracellular materials past the cell increase the surface area guide the chromosomes during cell division 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 20% 2 3 4 5 1 2 5