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Transcript
Social Psych Review Fundamental attribution error/ observers’ bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others’ behavior and situational attributions when judging themselves Self serving bias / the tendency to view one’s successes as stemming from internal factors and one’s failures as stemming from external factors Self Fulfilling Prophecy / a belief, prediction, or expectation that makes itself come true Cognitive dissonance / occurs when attitudes and behaviors contradict each other Festinger / Last name of man who studied cognitive dissonance Conformity / occurs when people yield to real or imagined social pressure Social facilitation / tendency of people to do better when they are being watched Social impairment / a restraint on people’s feelings and expressions in the belief that others’ may disapprove of their behavior Deindividuation / helps explain why law abiding citizens may commit theft during a riot Passionate love / a complete absorption in another that includes tender sexual feelings and the agony and ecstasy of intense emotion Equity / a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it Altruism / helping behavior; helps reduce tendency toward bystander effect Prejudice / an undeserved, usually negative, attitude toward a group of people Just world bias / belief that world is an orderly place and people can avoid dangers Superordinate / a goal that benefits all and necessitates the participation of all; helps reduce prejudice Ethnocentrism / the notion that one’s own culture is superior to everyone else’s Pluralistic ignorance / people seem to decide what constitutes appropriate behavior in a situation by looking to others Self disclosure / revealing intimate aspects of oneself to another Complementarity / people are attracted to those who are similar to them Companionate love / is warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life is deeply intertwined with one’s own Mere exposure effect / based on the idea that we have more positive feelings about things to which we are frequently exposed Group think / occurs when members of a cohesive group emphasize agreement at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision Self concept / how we see or describe ourselves Social loafing / a reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves Bystander effect / people are less likely to help when they are in groups than when they are alone Asch / Last name of man who conducted the famous study on conformity Zimbardo / Last name of man who designed the Stanford Prison Simulation In group bias / a preference for members of one’s own group Individualism / involves putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships Central route / type of persuasion where people carefully ponder content and logic of message Stereotype / a widely held belief that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group Darley and Latane / Last names of men who conducted study on bystander effect Group polarization / occurs when group discussion strengthens a group’s dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction Foot in door / phenomenon where if you can convince someone to agree to a small request, then it will be easier to convince them to agree to a larger request Door in the face / phenomenon where a person refuses a large request, and then will be more willing to grant a small request